Are Horses () Sensitive to Human Emotional Cues?

Emotions are important for social animals because animals' emotions function as beneficial cues to identify valuable resources such as food or to avoid danger by providing environmental information. Emotions also enable animals to predict individuals' behavior and determine how to behave in a specific context. Recently, several studies have reported that dogs are highly sensitive to not only conspecific but also human emotional cues.

Phenanthrene and phenylpropanoid constituents from the roots of Cymbidium Great Flower 'Marylaurencin' and their antimicrobial activity.

Two new phenanthrenes, and one new phenylpropanoid, named ephemeranthoquinone C (1), and marylaurencinols C (2) and D (3), were isolated from the roots of Cymbidium Great Flower 'Marylaurencin', respectively. These structures were determined on the basis of 2D NMR experiments. The compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Trichophyton rubrum.

Phenylpropanoid, sapnol A, lignan and neolignan sophorosides, saposides A and B, isolated from Canadian sugar maple sap.

One new phenolic compound, sapnol A (1), and two new aromatic sophorosides, named saposides A (2) and B (3) were isolated from sugar maple sap. In addition, seven known phenolic compounds 4-10 were isolated. These structures were determined on the basis of NMR experiments as well as chemical evidence.

Phenanthrene derivatives from Cymbidium Great Flower Marie Laurencin and their biological activities.

A new phenanthrendione, ephemeranthoquinone B (1), two phenanthrenes, marylaurencinols A (2) and B (3), and a phenanthrene glucoside, marylaurencinoside A (4), were isolated from the roots of Cymbidium Great Flower Marie Laurencin, along with six known phenanthrenes, 5-10. The structures of these compounds were established by a combination of extensive NMR spectroscopy and/or X-ray crystallographic analysis and chemical degradation. The compounds were tested for antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae and for cytotoxic activity against the human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cell line.

Ionic liquids of bis(alkylethylenediamine)silver(I) salts and the formation of silver(0) nanoparticles from the ionic liquid system.

We have prepared novel ionic liquids of bis(N-2-ethylhexylethylenediamine)silver(I) nitrate ([Ag(eth-hex-en)(2)]NO(3) and bis(N-hexylethylenediamine)silver(I) hexafluorophosphate ([Ag(hex-en)(2)]PF(6)), which have transition points at -54 and -6 degrees C, respectively. Below these transition temperatures, both the silver complexes assume amorphous states, in which the extent of the vitrification is larger for the eth-hex-en complex than for the hex-en complex. The diffusion coefficients of both the complex cations, measured between 30 (or 35) and 70 degrees C, are largely dependent on temperature; the dependence is particularly large in the case of the eth-hex-en complex cation below 40 degrees C.