Prevalence of suspected anemia in Japanese young children determined using non-invasive hemoglobin measurements: an observational study.

Recently, non-invasive hemoglobin measurement (SpHb) using Pulse CO-Oximeter Rad-67™ Spot-check (Rad-67) has been validated although anemia diagnosis typically relies on blood hemoglobin concentration measurement. In this large-scale survey of Japanese children aged 1-5 years, we evaluated SpHb distribution to understand the prevalence of suspected anemia, and further examined the relationship between SpHb and background factors. Children were recruited from large retail stores in Japan between November 2022 and August 2023.

Fulminant type 1 diabetes patients display high frequencies of IGRP-specific type 1 CD8 T cells.

The role of cellular autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed an integrated assay using peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine the islet antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses in FT1D and compare the responses among acute-onset T1D (AT1D) and slowly progressive T1D (SP1D). IGRP- and ZnT8-specific IL-6, G-CSF, and TNF-α responses were significantly upregulated in patients with FT1D, while IGRP- and ZnT8-specific IP-10 responses were significantly upregulated in patients with AT1D than in non-diabetics (ND).

The Effect of Freeze-Drying Pretreatment on the Accuracy of Near Infrared Spectroscopic Food Analysis to Predict the Nutritive Values of Japanese Cooked Foods.

The official testing methods for establishing nutritive values are accurate but relatively costly and time-consuming. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is potentially an alternative method that can analyze several components in a few minutes using an exclusively electronic instrument with no need for a laboratory expert. However, the accuracy of commercial NIRS spectroscopic food analyzers is not sufficient for Japanese food labeling, because of interference from moisture contained in the foods.

Distinct Phenotypes of Islet Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cells Among the 3 Subtypes of Type 1 Diabetes.

Context: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is classified into 3 subtypes: acute-onset (AT1D), slowly progressive (SP1D), and fulminant (FT1D). The differences in the type of cellular autoimmunity within each subtype remain largely undetermined.

Objective: To determine the type and frequency of islet antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in each subtype of T1D.

Policy statement of enteral nutrition for preterm and very low birthweight infants.

For preterm and very low birthweight infants, the mother's own milk is the best nutrition. Based on the latest information for mothers who give birth to preterm and very low birthweight infants, medical staff should encourage and assist mothers to pump or express and provide their own milk whenever possible. If the supply of maternal milk is insufficient even though they receive adequate support, or the mother's own milk cannot be given to her infant for any reason, donor human milk should be used.

Neurologic disorders associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies: A comparison of anti-GAD antibody titers and time-dependent changes between neurologic disease and type I diabetes mellitus.

To determine clinical features of neurologic disorders associated with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD-Ab), we examined titers and time-dependent changes of anti-GAD-Ab. Six patients, stiff person syndrome (2), cerebellar ataxia (1), limbic encephalitis (1), epilepsy (1), brainstem encephalitis (1), were compared with 87 type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients without neurologic disorders. Anti-GAD-Ab titers and index were higher in neurologic disorders than in T1DM, suggesting intrathecal antibody synthesis.

Impact of glycemic variability on the levels of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: A reduction in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) count is considered to correlate with cumulative cardiovascular risk factors including hyperglycemia. This study was conducted to elucidate the influence of glycemic variability on EPC count in patients with diabetes.

Methods: In study 1, we examined the number of EPCs in 57 patients with type 1 diabetes and 43 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Antibody to CMRF35-Like Molecule 2, CD300e A Novel Biomarker Detected in Patients with Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a distinct subtype of type 1 diabetes and is fatal without immediate diagnosis and treatment. At present, there are no biomarkers for early and predictive detection of FT1D.

Methods: First, we analyzed a total of 6 serum samples from 3 patients with FT1D (1 sample in the acute and 1 in the sub-acute phases from each patient) by seromic analysis.

The cytokeratin-18 fragment level as a biomarker of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The serum cytokeratin-18 fragment (CK-18) concentration has been suggested to be a biomarker of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), although its usefulness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unknown.

Methods: The study was divided into two parts. In the first cross-sectional study, a total of 200 patients with T2DM and 58 healthy control subjects were recruited.

Glycaemic instability correlates with a hyperglucagonaemic response in patients with type 1 diabetes without residual beta-cell function.

We investigated the association between arginine-stimulated glucagon secretion (AUCIRG) and several parameters of glycaemic variability in 12 patients with type 1 diabetes without residual beta-cell function. AUCIRG positively correlated with the SD and mean amplitude of glycaemic excursions, thus glucagon might contribute to glycaemic instability, independent of endogenous insulin.

Class II HLA genotype in fulminant type 1 diabetes: A nationwide survey with reference to glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies.

Unlabelled: Aims/Introduction:  Fulminant type 1 diabetes is a subtype of type 1 diabetes characterized by a remarkably abrupt onset of insulin-deficient hyperglycemia within a few days. The aim of the present study was to clarify characteristic class II HLA genotypes in a large number of patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes to date.

Materials And Methods:   We analyzed the HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes, and their haplotypes in 207 patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes and 325 control subjects in the Japanese population.

A case of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus after influenza B infection.

A 64-years-old man referred to a hospital because of high-grade fever. He was diagnosed as having influenza B by "POCTEM Influenza A/B", a rapid influenza diagnostic kit which detect some antigens of influenza virus. Six days after medication of oseltamivir phosphate, his flu-symptoms disappeared, but he complained sever thirsty.