Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program.

Background: Substance abuse among young people has become a serious public health problem for years. The risk of relapse among illicit drug use is essential for developing adequate substance reuse prevention policies. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the potential predictor in long-term relapse rates among young patients that underwent a family-based treatment program.

Difference in long-term relapse rates between youths with ketamine use and those with stimulants use.

Background: Understanding the relapse risk among different illicit drugs is vital for developing an adequate relapse prevention policy. Therefore, the current study aims to explore the potential difference in long-term relapse rates between youths who use ketamine and those who use stimulants (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA] or methamphetamine).

Methods: The study's participants included 92 youths with ketamine use (ketamine group, mean age: 16.

Validation of the cognitively normal range and below normal range subtypes in chronically hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.

Background: Many studies have found a substantial minority of patients whose performance puts them within the normal range of neuropsychological functioning. Recently, a study has seen the delineation of two neurocognitive subtypes of schizophrenia -'cognitively normal range' (CNR) and 'below normal range' (BNR) - based on neurocognitive performance across multiple domains.

Methods: The participants were from two studies that collected neurocognitive, psychopathology and social function data between 2008 and 2015.