Mindful attention is inversely associated with pain via mediation by psychological distress in orthopedic patients.

Background: Orthopedic patients report pain as their main symptom complaint. Subjective pain experience is correlated with self-reported psychological state, such as distress.

Purpose: This study tests whether scores from a measure of mindful attention are associated with subjective pain levels and whether psychological distress scores function as a mediation path.

The Acute Relationship between Affective States and Stress Biomarkers in Ethnic Minority Youths.

: Whether affective states acutely predict the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activities and whether energy balance-related behaviors moderate the affect-HPA axis relationship in obese youths are not well-understood. : 87 mostly obese (94.3% obese) minority adolescents (mean: 16.

Effect of Telephone Call and Text Message Reminders on Patient Return to Acupuncture Follow-Up Treatment: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Telephone calls and text messages function as cues to elicit patient behavior. We tested the effect of telephone call and text message reminders on patient return to acupuncture follow-up treatment. This is a randomized controlled trial.

Initial Efficacy of a Community-Derived Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Latinx Parents and their Children.

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) may offer a means for Latinx families to ameliorate stress, enhance emotion regulation, and foster social support. We assessed pilot data from Latinx parents in Eastside Los Angeles (n = 27) matched with their children aged 10-16 (n = 32) to determine whether participation in a community-derived MBI was associated with greater improvements in dispositional mindfulness, perceived stress, emotion regulation, and family social support compared to a control condition. Compared to the control group, parents in the MBI group showed greater reductions in perceived stress scale (PSS) scores (B =  - 2.

A positive deviance-based qualitative study of stress, coping, and feeding practices among low-income, Hispanic mothers whose children do versus do not meet guidelines for fruit and vegetable intake.

Less than 1% of children in the United States concurrently meet guidelines for fruit/vegetable intake, physical activity, screen time, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Prior evidence suggests that parents of this 1% potentially cope with stress differently. This qualitative study used a positive deviance-based approach to locate mothers whose children avoided negative feeding outcomes despite being 'high-risk' for obesity.

Longitudinal Assessment of the Relationships Between Geriatric Conditions and Loneliness.

Objectives: In response to the lack of longitudinal evidence, this study aims to disentangle time sequence and directionality between the severity of geriatric conditions (GCs) and loneliness.

Design: Longitudinal panel study.

Setting And Participants: The working sample had 4680 participants of 2006, 2010, and 2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).

Measurement of sustainment of prevention programs and initiatives: the sustainment measurement system scale.

Background: Enhancing the sustainability of evidence-based prevention programs for mental and behavioral health requires tools for measuring both sustainability determinants and sustainment outcomes. The aim of this study was to develop the Sustainment Measurement System Scale (SMSS) and to assess its reliability and construct validity for measuring both determinants and outcomes of efforts to sustain prevention programs and initiatives.

Methods: A 42-item scale comprised of items identified from qualitative data collected from 45 representatives of 10 programs and 8 SAMHSA program officers was administered to 186 representatives of 145 programs funded by 7 SAMHSA prevention grant initiatives.

The Association of Trail Features With Self-Report Trail Use by Neighborhood Residents.

Background: Urban trails are a useful resource to promote physical activity. This study identified features of urban trails that correlated with trail use.

Methods: Multiuse urban trails were selected in Chicago, Dallas, and Los Angeles.

Risk factors associated with subsequent initiation of cigarettes and e-cigarettes in adolescence: A structural equation modeling approach.

Background: Previous youth tobacco research has identified multiple correlated risk factors for initiation of cigarette and e-cigarette use; whether these factors are independently associated with initiation is not known, due to challenges with disentangling the independent effects of these correlated risk factors.

Methods: Students in 11/12 grade enrolled in the Southern California Children's Health Study were surveyed in 2014 (baseline) and again in 2015 (N = 1553). Structural equation models (SEM) were developed to investigate associations of susceptibility, marketing, and the social environment (as latent factors), and other tobacco use at baseline with cigarette or e-cigarette initiation between baseline and follow-up.

Anhedonia, screen time, and substance use in early adolescents: A longitudinal mediation analysis.

Introduction: Screen time is associated with substance use risk among adolescents; however, less is known about the underlying factors that explain this association.

Methods: This research examined anhedonia, a facet of depression noted by the reduced capacity to experience pleasure, as a mediating factor in the relationship between screen time (hours spent watching television, using internet, and/or playing video games outside of school) and substance use (alcohol and/or cigarettes). We used a longitudinal survey design among a sample of students aged 9-11 years in the 4th to 6th grades in Southern California, United States of America [N = 709 (354 males)].

Factors in the perceived stress scale differentially associate with mindfulness disposition and executive function among early adolescents.

Objectives: The first aim was to test the factor structure and item-loadings of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) when administered to early adolescents. The second aim was to examine associations between PSS factors, mindfulness disposition, and executive function.

Methods: We analyzed data collected from 331 students in grade seven ( age=12.

Tobacco regulatory compliance with STAKE Act age-of-sale signage among licensed tobacco retailers across diverse neighborhoods in Southern California.

Introduction: The California Stop Tobacco Access to Kids Enforcement (STAKE) Act requires licensed tobacco retailers to post minimum age-of-sale signage at the point of sale. This study investigated STAKE Act compliance in licensed tobacco retailers across four racial/ethnic communities in Southern California.

Methods: The sample consisted of 675 licensed tobacco retailers (excluding chain store supermarkets and pharmacies) randomly selected based on zip codes from predominantly non-Hispanic White (n=196), African American (n=193), Hispanic/Latino (n=186), and Korean American (n=100) communities.

Disparities in retail marketing for little cigars and cigarillos in Los Angeles, California.

Introduction: Evidence of a concentration of cigarette advertising in predominantly low-income, non-White neighborhoods underscores the need to examine retail marketing and promotions for novel tobacco products like little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs). We sought to investigate neighborhood racial/ethnic disparities in LCC marketing at retail, including availability, advertising, price promotions, and product placement in Los Angeles, California.

Methods: Between January 2016 and April 2017, community health workers (n = 19) conducted in-person observational audits from tobacco retail stores (n = 679) located in zip codes with a high percentage of non-Hispanic White (n = 196), Black (n = 194), Hispanic/Latino (n = 189), or Korean American (n = 100) residents.

Relationship between social media engagement and e-cigarette policy support.

Introduction: Given increasing efforts to regulate e-cigarettes, it is important to understand factors associated with support for tobacco regulatory policies. We investigate such factors found in social media and hypothesize that greater online engagement with tobacco content would be associated with less support for e-cigarette regulatory policies.

Methods: We constructed social networks of Twitter users who tweet about tobacco and categorized them using a combination of social network and Twitter metrics.

Retailers' Perceptions of FDA Tobacco Regulation Authority.

Objectives: Research is limited on tobacco retailers' perceptions of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) tobacco regulatory authority overall, and less exists related to retailers in predominantly African-American or other racial/ethnic neighborhoods. We assessed differences in perceptions of the FDA's tobacco regulatory authority and barriers to compliance among retailers in African-American and non-African-American neighborhoods in Los Angeles, California.

Methods: Overall, 700 tobacco retailer interviews assessed demographic characteristics and perceptions of the FDA.

Do fluctuations in positive affective and physical feeling states predict physical activity and sedentary time?

Objectives: Higher levels of positive affect and feelings of energy and vitality are associated with greater physical activity (PA) and lower sedentary time (ST). However, whether fluctuations in these feelings contribute to the regulation of these behaviors is unclear. This study examined the extent to which within-person variability in positive affect and feeling energetic predicted participants' overall levels of PA and ST.

Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Patient Adherence to Acupuncture Treatment.

Acupuncture uses needle stimulation upon the body's meridian points to alleviate physical and psychologic symptoms. In clinical practice, acupuncturists often recommend patients to attend follow-up treatment to achieve cumulative benefit over time. Adherence to acupuncture treatment was studied, and demographic and clinical factors were tested that may predict adherence.

Adolescent Substance Use and Sensation-Seeking on Sexual Behaviors Among Young Adults from Continuation High Schools.

Background: Youth from continuation high schools report greater substance use and sensation-seeking than youth from regular high schools, yet their long-term consequences on age at sexual onset and the number of sexual partners are unknown.

Objective: To examine substance use, sensation-seeking and sexual behaviors by gender and race/ethnicity and the effects of substance use and sensation-seeking in adolescence on age at sexual initiation and numbers of sexual partners by young adulthood.

Methods: Baseline and 4-year follow-up data on youth from 14 continuation high schools in Southern California who participated in a drug abuse prevention intervention were analyzed.

Linkage between teen mother's childhood adversity and externalizing behaviors in their children at age 11: Three aspects of parenting.

Background: Experiences of childhood adversity are consistently associated with compromised behavioral health later in life. Less clear is the intergenerational influence of maternal childhood adversity on developmental outcome in children. Completely unknown are the mechanisms linking teen mother's childhood adversity to child developmental outcomes.

Mean level of positive affect moderates associations between volatility in positive affect, mental health, and alcohol consumption among mothers.

Affective volatility (i.e., variability) is typically conceptualized as a marker of poor mental and behavioral health.

Characterizing Polytobacco Use Trajectories and Their Associations With Substance Use and Mental Health Across Mid-Adolescence.

Background: Polytobacco product use is suspected to be common, dynamic across time, and increase risk for adverse behavioral outcomes. We statistically modeled characteristic types of polytobacco use trajectories during mid-adolescence and tested their prospective association with substance use and mental health problems.

Methods: Adolescents (N = 3393) in Los Angeles, CA, were surveyed semiannually from 9th to 11th grade.

Tobacco Marketing and Subsequent Use of Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes, and Hookah in Adolescents.

Introduction: Tobacco marketing has expanded from cigarettes to other tobacco products through many promotional channels. Marketing exposure is associated with use of that tobacco product. However, it is unclear if marketing for one product leads to subsequent use of other tobacco products.

Comparative Effectiveness of a Technology-Facilitated Depression Care Management Model in Safety-Net Primary Care Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: 6-Month Outcomes of a Large Clinical Trial.

Background: Comorbid depression is a significant challenge for safety-net primary care systems. Team-based collaborative depression care is effective, but complex system factors in safety-net organizations impede adoption and result in persistent disparities in outcomes. Diabetes-Depression Care-management Adoption Trial (DCAT) evaluated whether depression care could be significantly improved by harnessing information and communication technologies to automate routine screening and monitoring of patient symptoms and treatment adherence and allow timely communication with providers.

Use of Research Evidence and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices in Youth-Serving Systems.

Although the effectiveness of interventions for prevention and treatment of mental health and behavioral problems in abused and neglected youth is demonstrated through the accumulation of evidence through rigorous and systematic research, it is uncertain whether use of research evidence (URE) by child-serving systems leaders increases the likelihood of evidence- based practice (EBP) implementation and sustainment. Information on URE was collected from 151 directors and senior administrators of child welfare, mental health and juvenile justice systems in 40 California and 11 Ohio counties participating in an RCT of the use of community development teams (CDTs) to scale up implementation of Treatment Foster Care Oregon over a 3 year period (2010-12). Separate multivariate models were used to assess independent effects of evidence acquisition (input), evaluation (process), application (output), and URE in general (SIEU Total) on two measures of EBP implementation, highest stage reached and proportion of activities completed at pre-implementation, implementation and sustainment phases.

Direct and indirect effects of parent stress on child obesity risk and added sugar intake in a sample of Southern California adolescents.

Objective: Research indicates that children are at higher risk for obesity if their parents have been exposed to a larger number of stressors, yet little is known about effects of parents' subjective, perceived experience of stress on children's eating behaviours and adiposity and whether weight-related parenting practices (i.e. parent rules and positive family meal practices) mediate this relationship.