Hierarchical Nanostructures Constructed by Soft Epitaxial Self-Assembly of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Giant Amphiphiles.

2D nanomaterials with ångström-scale thicknesses offer a unique platform for confining molecules at an unprecedentedly small scale, presenting novel opportunities for modulating material properties and probing microscopic phenomena. In this study, mesogen-tethered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) amphiphiles with varying numbers of mesogenic tails to systematically influence molecular self-assembly and the architecture of the ensuing supramolecular structures, are synthesized. These organic-inorganic hybrid amphiphiles facilitate precise spatial arrangement and directional alignment of the primary molecular units within highly ordered supramolecular structures.

The spread of pESI-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella serovars-Infantis, Senftenberg, and Alachua isolated from food animal sources in the United States.

The goal of this study is to investigate the origin, prevalence, and evolution of the pESI megaplasmid in Salmonella isolated from animals, foods, and humans. We queried 510,097 Salmonella genomes under the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pathogen Detection (PD) database for the presence of potential sequences containing the pESI plasmid in animal, food, and environmental sources. The presence of the pESI megaplasmid was confirmed by using seven plasmid-specific markers (rdA, pilL, SogS, TrbA, ipf, ipr2 and IncFIB(pN55391)).

Speckle-Free, Angle-Free, Cavity-Free White Laser with a High Color Rendering Index.

The freedom from efficiency droop motivates monochromatic lasers to progress in general lighting applications due to the demand for more efficient and sustainable light sources. Still, a white light based on monochromatic lasers with high lighting quality, such as a high color rendering ability, an angle-independent output, and a speckle-free illumination, has not yet been fabricated nor demonstrated. Random lasers, with the special mechanism caused by multiple scattering, the angle-free emission, and the uncomplicated fabrication processes, inspire us to investigate the feasibility of utilizing them in general lighting.

Pathological granuloma fibrosis induced by agar-embedded in C57BL/6JNarl mice.

Introduction: Pulmonary granuloma diseases caused by () have increased in past decades, and drug-resistance in this pathogen is a growing public health concern. Therefore, an animal model of chronic granuloma disease is urgently needed.

Methods: In this study, embedded within agar beads (agar-AB) was used to develop such a model in C57BL/6JNarl mice.

Genomic analysis of azithromycin-resistant from food animals at slaughter and processing, and retail meats, 2011-2021, United States.

Macrolides of different ring sizes are critically important antimicrobials for human medicine and veterinary medicine, though the widely used 15-membered ring azithromycin in humans is not approved for use in veterinary medicine. We document here the emergence of azithromycin-resistant among the NARMS culture collections between 2011 and 2021 in food animals and retail meats, some with co-resistance to ceftriaxone or decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. We also provide insights into the underlying genetic mechanisms and genomic contexts, including the first report of a novel combination of azithromycin resistance determinants and the characterization of multidrug-resistant plasmids.

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Tolerance in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli Isolates from Swine Feed Mills.

Antimicrobials and heavy metals are commonly used in the animal feed industry. The role of in-feed antimicrobials on the evolution and persistence of resistance in enteric bacteria is not well described. Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) is widely used for genetic characterizations of bacterial isolates, including antimicrobial resistance, heavy metal tolerance, virulence factors, and relatedness to other sequenced isolates.

Geography shapes the genomics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis isolated from humans.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella has been a long-standing challenge in public health and food safety. The prevalence of MDR S. Enteritidis, especially isolated from humans, in China is significantly higher than those from the U.

Description of Photodegradation Mechanisms and Structural Characteristics in Carbon@Titania Yolk-Shell Nanostructures by XAS.

Carbon@titania yolk-shell nanostructures are successfully synthesized at different calcination conditions. These unique structure nanomaterials can be used as a photocatalyst to degrade the emerging water pollutant, acetaminophen (paracetamol). The photodegradation analysis studies have shown that the samples with residual carbon nanospheres have improved the photocatalytic efficiency.

Genomic Diversity, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Virulence Gene Profiles of Serovar Kentucky Isolated from Humans, Food, and Animal Ceca Content Sources in the United States.

serovar Kentucky is frequently isolated from chickens and dairy cattle, but recovery from humans is comparatively low based on the U.S. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) reports.

Bond Orientational Order Parameters for Classifying Solid-like Clusters in a Lennard-Jones System near Liquid-Solid Transition and at Solid States.

In this paper, we introduced an order parameter, named the local structure similarity (LSS), to measure the resemblance of a cluster structure in a liquid with respect to a perfect crystal. The LSS is based on a dot product of two bond orientational order complex vectors, with one vector associated with a particle in a liquid and the other vector with a particle in a crystal. The calculation of the LSS should scan the entire space of the Euler angles determined by the two coordinate frames describing individually the liquid and the crystal.

Improving Device Characteristics of Dual-Gate IGZO Thin-Film Transistors with Ar-O Mixed Plasma Treatment and Rapid Thermal Annealing.

In this study, high-performance indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs) with a dual-gate (DG) structure were manufactured using plasma treatment and rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Atomic force microscopy measurements showed that the surface roughness decreased upon increasing the O ratio from 16% to 33% in the argon-oxygen plasma treatment mixture. Hall measurement results showed that both the thin-film resistivity and carrier Hall mobility of the Ar-O plasma-treated IGZO thin films increased with the reduction of the carrier concentration caused by the decrease in the oxygen vacancy density; this was also verified using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements.

Alginate-Capped Silver Nanoparticles as a Potent Anti-mycobacterial Agent Against .

Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, (). Although progress has been made in TB control, still about 10 million people worldwide develop TB annually and 1.5 million die of the disease.

Long-Read Sequencing Reveals Evolution and Acquisition of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes in .

is a significant and phylogenetically diverse zoonotic pathogen. To understand its genomic heterogeneity and antimicrobial resistance, we performed long-read sequencing on isolated from retail meats and food animals. A collection of 134 multidrug-resistant isolates belonging to 33 serotypes were subjected to PacBio sequencing.

Characterization of Virus Replication, Pathogenesis, and Cytokine Responses in Syrian Hamsters Inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus which caused a global respiratory disease pandemic beginning in December 2019. Understanding the pathogenesis of infection and the immune responses in a SARS-CoV-2-infected animal model is urgently needed for vaccine development.

Methods: Syrian hamsters () were intranasally inoculated with 10, 5×10, and 10 TCID of SARS-CoV-2 per animal and studied for up to 14 days.

Ordered Mesoporous Silica Pyrolyzed from Single-Source Self-Assembled Organic-Inorganic Giant Surfactants.

We report the preparation of hexagonal mesoporous silica from single-source giant surfactants constructed via dihydroxyl-functionlized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (DPOSS) heads and a polystyrene (PS) tail. After thermal annealing, the obtained well-ordered hexagonal hybrid was pyrolyzed to afford well-ordered mesoporous silica. A high porosity (e.

Core Genome MLST for Source Attribution of .

species are among the leading foodborne bacterial agents of human diarrheal illness. The majority of campylobacteriosis has been attributed to (85% or more), followed by (5-10%). The distribution of and varies by host organism, indicating that the contribution to human infection may differ between isolation sources.

Corrigendum: Activation of M1 Macrophages in Response to Recombinant TB Vaccines With Enhanced Antimycobacterial Activity.

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A Multidrug-Resistant Infantis Clone is Spreading and Recombining in the United States.

Recently, there have been reports worldwide of a multidrug-resistant, emergent Infantis (ESI) clone with a large megaplasmid (pESI), often containing the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene . This clone also has a mutation conferring fluoroquinolone resistance, further limiting treatment options. In the United States, this clone has also been found in poultry sources, indicating a likely source of human illnesses.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of 450 Strains of Isolated from Diseased Animals.

is a leading cause of bacterial infections in animals and humans. We sequenced a collection of 450 strains from diseased animals to better understand the genetic makeup of their virulence and resistance features. The presence of pathogenicity islands (SPIs) varied by serotype.

Activation of M1 Macrophages in Response to Recombinant TB Vaccines With Enhanced Antimycobacterial Activity.

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a difficult-to-eliminate disease. Although the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against (MTB) has been available for decades, its efficacy is variable and has lessened over time. Furthermore, the BCG vaccine no longer protects against newly emerged Beijing strains which are responsible for many current infections in adults.

Core Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing for Food Animal Source Attribution of Human Infections.

is a major foodborne pathogen and common cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. A total of 622 isolates recovered from food animals and retail meats in the United States through the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System between 2013 and 2017 were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq. Sequences were combined with WGS data of 222 human isolates downloaded from NCBI and analyzed by core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and traditional MLST.

The Gene of and Escherichia coli Is Not Associated with Colistin Resistance in the United States.

Reports of transmissible colistin resistance show the importance of comprehensive colistin resistance surveillance. Recently, a new allele of the mobile colistin resistance () gene family designated , which shows variation in genetic context and colistin susceptibility, was reported. We tested over 100 and isolates with from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) in the United States for their susceptibility to colistin and found that every isolate was susceptible, with an MIC of ≤1 μg/ml.

Diverse Fluoroquinolone Resistance Plasmids From Retail Meat in the United States.

Fluoroquinolones are used to treat serious bacterial infections, including those caused by and . The emergence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) represent a new challenge to the successful treatment of Gram-negative infections. As part of a long-term strategy to generate a reference database of closed plasmids from antimicrobial resistant foodborne bacteria, we performed long-read sequencing of 11 isolates from retail meats that were non-susceptible to ciprofloxacin.

Identification of a Frank-Kasper Z phase from shape amphiphile self-assembly.

Frank-Kasper phases, a family of ordered structures formed from particles with spherical motifs, are found in a host of materials, such as metal alloys, inorganic colloids and various types of soft matter. All the experimentally observed Frank-Kasper phases can be constructed from the basic units of three fundamental structures called the A15, C15 and Z phases. The Z phase, typically observed in metal alloys, is associated with a relatively large volume ratio between its constituents, and this constraint inhibits its formation in most self-assembled single-component soft-matter systems.