[Unique exhibits and collections dedicated to the Great patriotic War in funds of the Military-medical museum].

The Military Medical Museum, where concentrated materials reflecting the multifaceted activities of the medical service at the front of the bloodiest war in human history, was established in the midst of the Great Patriotic War. For targeted collection of materials were formed special front brigades, which included artists, photographers, a pathologist, a spokesman for the museum. Thanks to their work, the museum has a collection of unique materials--genuine evidence of war, reflecting all aspects of the health departments of fronts, armies, parts and cities in the form of drawings, products, models, models, photographs, charts, medical supplies, documents, etc.

[Russian Red Cross Society and its role in providing medical aid to wounded and sick people during the First World War].

Russian Red Cross Society during the First World War played a significant role in health care, preservation of human life and return of millions of experienced soldiers to duty. The Red Cross Society formed and sent to the front their medical institutions (military hospitals, hospitals, hospital trains, etc.), trained medical nurses, charity nurses and orderlies of the Red Cross.

[Cytokines as agents for the early pathogenetic therapy of radiation injuries. Their efficacy and mechanism of action].

It has been shown in experiments with three species of laboratory animals that an early administration (during the first hours following irradiation) of human recombinant interleukins 1 alpha and 1 beta separately (to mice, rats) or in combination with antibiotic therapy (dogs) substantially increases survivability, favours a more rapid regeneration of the cellular content of the bone marrow and peripheral blood, intensifies the processes of endogenous colony formation and DNA synthesis in the bone marrow and liver and lowers the expressivity of radiation-induced endotoxemia. The significance of using cytokines in the system of remedial measures in radiation pathology is discussed.

[Experimental study of the effectiveness of interleukin-1beta in radiation injury].

The experiments on mice exposed to radiation (6.5 Gy, LD 80/30) discovered that human recombinant interleukin-1 beta after administration on postradiation hour 1-3 increased the animals' survival by 40-70%. Interleukin-1 beta reduced leukopenia and enhanced the recovery of bone marrow cell elements.

[Early radiation-induced toxemia and effectiveness of its correction with aminodez and gluconeodez].

The experiments on irradiated rats (LD90/30) and dogs (LD70/45) have shown that three administrations of aminodez or gluconeodez in a dose 10 mg/kg (3, 24 and 48 hours after the exposure) lowered radiotoxins levels (malonic dialdehyde, middle-molecular peptides), promoted stabilization of cellular membranes, enhanced activity of the body's detoxicating systems. In irradiated rats early detoxicating therapy with aminodez and gluconeodez raised survival by 40%.

[Experimental study of therapeutic efficacy of plasmapheresis in acute radiation injury].

In experiments with dogs exposed to 2.9 Gy (LD80/45) it was found that plasmapheresis treatment 4-6 h after irradiation reduce the severity of the radiation sickness clinical manifestations and post-radiation toxemia thus increasing the rate of animal survival up to 60%. Sham plasmapheresis included all the manipulations of plasmapheretic treatment except plasma substitution and had no detoxication effect and did not affect the irradiated animals survival.

[Experimental study of radiation protective efficacy of Vinca alkaloid drugs].

In experiments with rats and dogs exposed to whole-body nonlethal and lethal gamma-radiation (2; 2,9 or 7.5 Gy) the radioprotective efficacy Vinca alkaloids drugs was investigated. It has been shown that enterally administered Vincanor (10 mg/kg over a three-day period) increased the radioresistance of animals.

[Prostaglandins--their role in the mechanisms of the development of the primary reaction to radiation syndrome].

In experiments with dogs and rats it has been shown that early after high doses of irradiation, the content of prostaglandins in the blood plasma increases, whereas in the intestinal tissues it decreases. The inhibitors of prostaglandins synthesis indomethacin and voltaren hinder the development of early digestive disturbances, normalize the intestine absorptive and propulsive functions and make post-irradiation hypokinesia less pronounced. Possible mechanisms of the prostaglandins involvement in the genesis of prodromal radiation syndrome are discussed.

[The dynamic content of prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides in the blood of irradiated dogs and monkeys].

In experiments with dogs and monkeys a study was made of the dynamics of the content of prostaglandins (PG) and cyclic nucleotides after gamma irradiation. In dogs irradiation with lethal doses (3.1 and 50 Gy) caused a short-term, evidently stress growth of cAMP, PGE and PGF2 alpha levels.

[The mechanism of the radioprotective action of cystamine and mexamine].

It was found that at the time when cystamine and mexamine exert their maximum radioprotective action DNA synthesis rate decreases in bone marrow cells, the ratio between the colony-forming units in the bone marrow and peripheral blood changes, and functional activity of neutrophils increases.

[Effect of radioprotective agents on the epithelium of small intestine mucosa in irradiated animals].

In experiments on irradiated (10 Gy) mice a study was made of the morphological changes in the small intestine mucosa and in its functional status estimated by absorption of stain uranine. It was shown that the preventive administration of cystamine and S-(omega)-aminopropyl-beta-aminoethylthiophosphoric acid to the exposed mice increased the proliferation processes in the crypt and the cell movement per villus providing a favourable effect of the radioprotective agents on the absorption function.

[Study of the absorptive activity of the gastrointestinal tract in irradiated animals treated with radiation-protective agents].

A fluorescent uranine indicator was used to study the absorbing capacity of the gastrointestinal tract of irradiated mice and dogs. It was shown that the radioprotective agents with different mechanisms of action (for example, cystamine, para-aminopropiophenon and S-2 (3-aminopropylamino)ethylthiophosphate) exert a favourable action on the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract of irradiated mice.

[Radio-protective effect of sulfur-containing methylfuran derivatives and the role of thiols in its realization].

In experiments on mice it was demonstrated that S-containing methylfuran derivatives were highly radioprotective (50-70% survival of exposed animals). The preparations under study did not influence the redox potential in tissues and did not change the content of nonprotein SH-groups in the radiosensitive organs.

[Solubilization of chromatin by an endogenous enzymic Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent factor. Activity of residual chromatin].

An endogenous Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent factor of enzymic nature (apparently an endonuclease) digests a part of chromatin in the rat liver nuclei producing DNA fragments of an uniform size. After 60 min of incubation at 15 degrees C and pH 7.50 in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2 and 2 mM CaCl2 87-93% of the total chromatin becomes soluble.