N-glycan as new potential biomarker for predicting treatment response in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: To investigate the N-glycans related to the metformin efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 141 healthy controls and 195 newly diagnosed T2DM patients treated with metformin for 3 months. Serum N-glycan profile was determined by DNA sequencer - assisted fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (DSA-FACE).

Angiotensin(1-7) attenuates visceral adipose tissue expansion and lipogenesis by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress via Mas receptor.

Background: White adipose tissue can be classified based on its location as subcutaneous and visceral fat, and the latter accumulation is reported to be more detrimental to metabolism. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been demonstrated to regulate lipogenesis. The peptide angiotensin(1-7) [Ang(1-7)], which can be produced from angiotensin II (AngII) by angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), plays its role through Mas receptor, also participates in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, however, whether ER stress is involved in the mechanism remains unclear.

Effect of Hemoglobin A1c Trajectories on Future Outcomes in a 10-Year Cohort With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) variability may be a predictor of diabetic complications, but the predictive values of HbA1c trajectories remain unclear. We aimed to classify long-term HbA1c trajectories and to explore their effects on future clinical outcomes in a 10-year cohort with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 2,161 participants with T2DM from the Beijing Community Diabetes Study were included.

Hemoglobin A1c modifies the association between triglyceride and time in hypoglycemia determined by flash glucose monitoring in adults with type 1 diabetes: implications for individualized therapy and decision-making.

Background: We aimed to investigate the associations of flash glucose monitoring (FGM)-derived metrics with lipid profiles and identify potential modifiers of these associations among adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 Chinese adults with T1D who used FGM for 14 consecutive days. The relationship between FGM-derived metrics and lipid variables and potential modifiers were identified using interaction and subgroup analysis.

Association between glucose fluctuation during 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test, inflammation and oxidative stress markers, and β-cell function in a Chinese population with normal glucose tolerance.

Backgrounds: Glucose fluctuation (GF) may have detrimental effects in individuals with diabetes; however, clinical data on the association between short-term GF, inflammation/oxidative stress markers, and islet β-cell function based on a population with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) are insufficient. Therefore, we aimed to explore these associations in a Chinese population of 209 individuals with NGT in a cross-sectional analysis.

Methods: Individuals were categorized based on GF tertiles, calculated as the maximum-minimum glucose levels among four time points (0, 30, 60, 120 min) during 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

C-Peptide: A Mediator of the Association Between Serum Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratio and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Population With Normal Serum Uric Acid Levels.

Background: The data on the relationship between normal-ranged serum uric acid (SUA), β-cell function, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are complicated and insufficient. Moreover, uric acid is excreted by kidney, and SUA levels may be affected by renal function. Thus, we introduced a renal function-normalized index [serum uric acid to creatinine ratio (SUA/Cr)] into the study and explored the association between SUA/Cr, C-peptide and NAFLD in a Chinese population with normal SUA levels by a cross-sectional analysis.

Association Between Leukocyte Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in a Chinese Population Is Mediated by 8-Oxo-2'-Deoxyguanosine.

Alterations in mitochondrial DNA are potentially associated with oxidative stress and may be involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the association between mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and NAFLD was not consistent. In addition, the association between inflammation and NAFLD has not been established yet.

Negative association between antioxidant vitamin intake and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese non-diabetic adults: mediation models involving superoxide dismutase.

We aimed to explore the association between antioxidant vitamin intake, oxidative stress related markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by a cross-sectional analysis. A total of 241 non-diabetic participants from a Chinese rural cohort were included. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound (NAFLD,  = 71; Non-NAFLD,  = 171).

Low glucose enhanced metformin's inhibitory effect on pancreatic cancer cells by suppressing glycolysis and inducing energy stress via up-regulation of miR-210-5p.

Unlabelled: To explore mechanisms underlying the discrepancy in anti-tumor effects of metformin on pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 under different glucose conditions. We cultured PANC-1 cells in 25 mM and 5 mM glucose media, then treated with or without metformin. It showed that metformin significantly inhibited proliferation and viability, induced apoptosis of PANC-1 cells, which was more pronounced in low-glucose than in high-glucose group.

Negative Association between Caloric Intake and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in a Chinese Population: Mediation Models Involving Mitochondrial Function.

Background: With the shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and decrease in the copy number of mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are considered important drivers of the aging process. Although previous experimental studies report that caloric intake is associated with age-related renal dysfunction through the changes in mitochondrial function, there are insufficient epidemiological data to establish this association.

Objective: We aimed to explore the association between caloric intake and renal function and to investigate whether mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) mediated this association by cross-sectional analysis.

Relationship between Decreased Serum Superoxide Dismutase Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Synergistic Mediating Role of Insulin Resistance and -Cell Dysfunction.

The interplays of cellular aging and oxidative stress (OS) markers form a complex network, which has been reported to be interrelated with numerous age-related and metabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MS). However, given the multifactorial mechanisms of MS, several important confounders such as dietary factors and the reciprocal effect among these markers have not been considered and adjusted in previous investigations regarding the associations of cellular aging and OS markers with MS and its related metabolic abnormalities. To explicate this, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 533 Chinese adults.

Potential Protective Effect of Dietary Intake of Non--Tocopherols on Cellular Aging Markers Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor- in Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese Adults.

It remains unknown how different glucose tolerance status affects the relationships between dietary intake of different tocopherol isoforms (-, -, -, and -tocopherol) and cellular aging, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study among 582 Chinese adults with different glucose tolerance status to explore the association between dietary intake of different tocopherol isoforms and cellular aging, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The inverse correlations between non--tocopherols and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) varied substantially across different glucose tolerance status, with the strongest observed in prediabetes ( = -0.

Leukocyte Telomere Length Independently Predicts 3-Year Diabetes Risk in a Longitudinal Study of Chinese Population.

Cellular aging markers, including telomere length and mitochondrial function, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation markers influence each other and form a complex network, which is affected in diabetes. However, it remains unknown whether these markers could independently predict future diabetes after adjustment for their mutual effects. We conducted a 3-year longitudinal study in a Chinese cohort that comprised 108 nondiabetic individuals at baseline.