[High alpha-fetoprotein persistence after orchiectomy. On a case of uncommon etiology].

Background: The following report describes a case of inherited elevation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in a young male suspected for testicular cancer. AFP shows very high values during fetal life. After birth the synthesis of AFP decreases dramatically, and only trace amounts are detected in the adult.

[Conservative treatment of persistent calyceal fistula after tumor excision. Case report and clinical remarks].

Background: Nowadays, ultrasounds allow to discover accidentally a large number of renal small tumors. So, radical nephrectomy, which years ago was considered as the gold standard, is rarely required. Today, nephron sparing surgery is often prescribed for renal masses smaller than 4 cm.

[Testicular localization of extranodal multifocal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Report of two cases, review of the literature and clinical considerations].

The aim of our study is to describe two cases of testicular localization of non- Hodgkin Lymphoma associated with the involvement of other extranodal organs, and to investigate the possible causes of this association according to the evidences found in literature. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma is extranodal in 25% of cases. Most of the times the organs involved are stomach, bowel, skin, central nervous system.

[Fournier's gangrene: our experience of 10 cases].

Fournier's gangrene, described for the first time by Alfred Jean Fournier in 1883, is a very uncommon disease. It is characterized by an acute process of cellulites and necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia, perineum and abdominal wall; its mortality rate is about 30-50%. We retrospectively reviewed 10 patients affected by Fournier's gangrene admitted to our Department of Urology from 1997 to 2006.

Priapism as a complication of heparin therapy.

One case of priapism occurred during heparin therapy for a previous surgical operation to the knee is reported. The association between heparin and priapism is often recognized; abnormal platelet aggregation could play a role in the pathogenesis of this side effect. A part from the kind of surgical treatment performed, priapism as a complication of heparin therapy might be functionally more severe than priapism due to other etiologies.

[Non-surgical treatment of urethral fistula: a suggested technic].

The urethral fistulas need for recovery the traditional surgical approach. Recently are available for surgeons substances and devices particularly compatible with biological tissue and very safe. We have taken advantage of this good opportunity to treat an old and multiple fistula of the urethra in the perineum.