The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A121/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A165 Ratio as a Predictor of the Therapeutic Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gastric Cancer.

Background/objectives: The response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is limited. Further, there is a need to discover biomarkers to predict therapeutic efficacy. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is strongly associated with intra-tumoral immunity; however, its utility as a marker remains unknown.

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors promote antitumor responses via tumor microenvironment immunosuppression in advanced colorectal cancer.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate changes in the tumor immune environment of patients who underwent therapy with a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor for advanced colorectal cancer.

Methods: Patients ( = 135) with T3 or T4 colorectal cancer were included in this retrospective study. They were classified as follows: patients who had not received preoperative treatment (UPFRONT group,  = 54), who had received FOLFOX as preoperative chemotherapy (FOLFOX group,  = 55), and who had undergone resection after combination FOLFOX and bevacizumab as unresectable colorectal cancer (B-MAB group,  = 26).

Implications of PD-1, Tim-3, and TIGIT Expression for Cancer Immunity and Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis.

Background/aim: The development and application of cancer immunotherapy to pancreatic cancer has not progressed because its efficacy has not been proven in clinical trials. In this study, we aimed to explore potential targets of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for pancreatic cancer treatment.

Materials And Methods: We collected resected specimens from 40 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent resection at our Institution without any preoperative treatment.