Square-Planar Nickel Bis(phosphinopyridyl) Complexes for Long-Lived Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Phosphinopyridyl ligands are used to synthesize a class of Ni(II) bis(chelate) complexes, which have been comprehensively characterized in both solid and solution phases. The structures display a square-planar configuration within the primary coordination sphere, with axially positioned labile binding sites. Their electrochemical data reveal two redox couples during the reduction process, suggesting the possibility of accessing two-electron reduction states.

Defect Engineered BiTe Nanosheets with Enhanced Haloperoxidase Activity for Marine Antibiofouling.

Defective bismuth telluride (BiTe) nanosheets, an artificial nanozyme mimicking haloperoxidase activity (hPOD), show promise as eco-friendly, bactericidal, and antimicrofouling materials by enhancing cytotoxic hypohalous acid production from halides and HO. Microscopic and spectroscopic characterization reveals that controlled NaOH (upto X = 250 µL) etching of the nearly inactive non-transition metal chalcogenide BiTe nanosheets creates controlled defects (d), such as Bispecies, in d-BiTe-X that induces enhanced hPOD activity. d-BiTe-250 exhibits approximately eight-fold improved hPOD than the as-grown BiTe nanosheets.

Dual-mode frequency multiplier in graphene-base hot electron transistor.

Since quantum computers have been gradually introduced in countries around the world, the development of the many related quantum components that can operate independently of temperature has become more important for enabling mature products with low power dissipation and high efficiency. As an alternative to studying cryo-CMOSs (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors) to achieve this goal, quantum tunneling devices based on 2D materials can be examined instead. In this work, a vertical graphene-based quantum tunneling transistor has been used as a frequency modulator.

Fluorogenic reporter enables identification of compounds that inhibit SARS-CoV-2.

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes the severe disease COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated by interaction of the viral spike protein and host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). We report an improved bright and reversible fluorogenic reporter, named SURF (split UnaG-based reversible and fluorogenic protein-protein interaction reporter), that we apply to monitor real-time interactions between spike and ACE2 in living cells.

SARS-CoV-2 replication in airway epithelia requires motile cilia and microvillar reprogramming.

How SARS-CoV-2 penetrates the airway barrier of mucus and periciliary mucins to infect nasal epithelium remains unclear. Using primary nasal epithelial organoid cultures, we found that the virus attaches to motile cilia via the ACE2 receptor. SARS-CoV-2 traverses the mucus layer, using motile cilia as tracks to access the cell body.

Dietary practices and supplement use among CrossFit® participants.

Background: CrossFit® is a popular high-intensity functional training program. CrossFit® participants may practice popular diets or consume dietary and sports supplements to support their health or physical pursuits, but the specific dietary and supplement practices of CrossFit® participants remain unknown.

Methods: An electronic questionnaire was developed to collect data on practice of popular diets (i.

Enormous Berry-Curvature-Based Anomalous Hall Effect in Topological Insulator (Bi,Sb)Te on Ferrimagnetic Europium Iron Garnet beyond 400 K.

To realize the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) at elevated temperatures, the approach of magnetic proximity effect (MPE) was adopted to break the time-reversal symmetry in the topological insulator (BiSb)Te (BST) based heterostructures with a ferrimagnetic insulator europium iron garnet (EuIG) of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Here we demonstrate large anomalous Hall resistance () exceeding 8 Ω ( of 3.2 μΩ·cm) at 300 K and sustaining to 400 K in 35 BST/EuIG samples, surpassing the past record of 0.

A defective viral genome strategy elicits broad protective immunity against respiratory viruses.

RNA viruses generate defective viral genomes (DVGs) that can interfere with replication of the parental wild-type virus. To examine their therapeutic potential, we created a DVG by deleting the capsid-coding region of poliovirus. Strikingly, intraperitoneal or intranasal administration of this genome, which we termed eTIP1, elicits an antiviral response, inhibits replication, and protects mice from several RNA viruses, including enteroviruses, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2.

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in airway mucosal tissue and susceptibility in smokers.

Understanding viral tropism is an essential step toward reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission, decreasing mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and limiting opportunities for mutant strains to arise. Currently, little is known about the extent to which distinct tissue sites in the human head and neck region and proximal respiratory tract selectively permit SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. In this translational study, we discover key variabilities in expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), essential SARS-CoV-2 entry factors, among the mucosal tissues of the human proximal airways.

Ethacridine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by inactivating viral particles.

The respiratory disease COVID-19 is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Here we report the discovery of ethacridine as a potent drug against SARS-CoV-2 (EC50 ~ 0.08 μM).

Discovery of ciliary G protein-coupled receptors regulating pancreatic islet insulin and glucagon secretion.

Multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed in pancreatic islet cells, but the majority have unknown functions. We observed specific GPCRs localized to primary cilia, a prominent signaling organelle, in pancreatic α and β cells. Loss of cilia disrupts β-cell endocrine function, but the molecular drivers are unknown.

SARS-CoV-2 infects human pancreatic β cells and elicits β cell impairment.

Emerging evidence points toward an intricate relationship between the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes. While preexisting diabetes is associated with severe COVID-19, it is unclear whether COVID-19 severity is a cause or consequence of diabetes. To mechanistically link COVID-19 to diabetes, we tested whether insulin-producing pancreatic β cells can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and cause β cell depletion.

Ethacridine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 by inactivating viral particles in cellular models.

SARS-CoV-2 is the coronavirus that causes the respiratory disease COVID-19, which is now the third-leading cause of death in the United States. The FDA has recently approved remdesivir, an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 replication, to treat COVID-19, though recent data from the WHO shows little to no benefit with use of this anti-viral agent. Here we report the discovery of ethacridine, a safe antiseptic use in humans, as a potent drug for use against SARS-CoV-2 (EC ~ 0.

ACE2 localizes to the respiratory cilia and is not increased by ACE inhibitors or ARBs.

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the ongoing severe acute respiratory disease pandemic COVID-19. Tissue and cellular tropism is one key to understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. We investigate the expression and subcellular localization of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), within the upper (nasal) and lower (pulmonary) respiratory tracts of human donors using a diverse panel of banked tissues.

Epitaxy from a Periodic Y-O Monolayer: Growth of Single-Crystal Hexagonal YAlO Perovskite.

The role of an atomic-layer thick periodic Y-O array in inducing the epitaxial growth of single-crystal hexagonal YAlO perovskite (H-YAP) films was studied using high-angle annular dark-field and annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with a spherical aberration-corrected probe and in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction. We observed the Y-O array at the interface of amorphous atomic layer deposition (ALD) sub-nano-laminated (snl) AlO/YO multilayers and GaAs(111)A, with the first film deposition being three cycles of ALD-YO. This thin array was a seed layer for growing the H-YAP from the ALD snl multilayers with 900 °C rapid thermal annealing (RTA).

Applying Data Mining Techniques for Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic chronic inflammatory disease. The disease mechanism remains unclear and may have resulted from autoimmune problems caused by genetic predisposing and pathogen infection. In clinical practice, selection of the initial treatment is based on the degree of disease activity, and treatment plans will be added gradually according to increased severity of the disease.

Gold coated Cicada wings: Anti-reflective micro-environment for plasmonic enhancement of fluorescence from upconversion nanoparticles.

We demonstrate that the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) fluoresce 50 times more on a gold (Au) coated Cicada wing. UCNPs are attractive bioimaging, and therapeutic materials as it is excited in the infrared, limited only by the low fluorescence quantum yield. Here, a plasmonic effect, coupled with an anti-reflecting (AR) Cicada wing substrate coated with Au is demonstrated to enhance the fluorescence of the UCNPs.

Optically coupled engineered upconversion nanoparticles and graphene for a high responsivity broadband photodetector.

A hybrid upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-graphene composite is demonstrated as a high-sensitivity and high-gain photodetector. The 980 nm multiphoton absorbing UCNPs are used as the photoabsorber, and optimized graphene is used as an efficient charge transporter. Although this device class is in its infancy, we show how critical engineering of the UCNPs, with a silica (SiO2) shell, helps to couple it optically with graphene to get a superior device.

Acute Exercise Facilitates the N450 Inhibition Marker and P3 Attention Marker during Stroop Test in Young and Older Adults.

While considerable evidence supporting the positive influence of acute exercise on cognitive inhibition, little is known regarding the underlying cognitive processes. There is also little neuroelectric evidence regarding the effects on older adults of acute exercise-elicited cognitive benefits. Thus, our objective was to explore the possible neural markers underlying improved cognitive inhibition, with particular attention to the N450 and P3 components, following acute exercise.

Effects of Acute Exercise on Resting EEG in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

This two stage study examined the effects of acute exercise on resting electroencephalographic (EEG) patterns of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The first stage compared the neural oscillatory patterns of children with and without ADHD. Resting EEGs were recorded under an open-eyes condition from 24 boys with ADHD and 28 matched controls.

Myosin-Va is required for preciliary vesicle transportation to the mother centriole during ciliogenesis.

Primary cilia play essential roles in signal transduction and development. The docking of preciliary vesicles at the distal appendages of a mother centriole is an initial/critical step of ciliogenesis, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that myosin-Va mediates the transportation of preciliary vesicles to the mother centriole and reveal the underlying mechanism.

Steep-slope hysteresis-free negative capacitance MoS transistors.

The so-called Boltzmann tyranny defines the fundamental thermionic limit of the subthreshold slope of a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) at 60 mV dec at room temperature and therefore precludes lowering of the supply voltage and overall power consumption . Adding a ferroelectric negative capacitor to the gate stack of a MOSFET may offer a promising solution to bypassing this fundamental barrier . Meanwhile, two-dimensional semiconductors such as atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides, due to their low dielectric constant and ease of integration into a junctionless transistor topology, offer enhanced electrostatic control of the channel .

Effects of the FITKids physical activity randomized controlled trial on conflict monitoring in youth.

The present study investigated the effect of a 9-month physical activity (PA) intervention on children's cardiorespiratory fitness levels and neuroelectric indices of conflict monitoring (i.e., error-related negativity, ERN).

Human microcephaly protein RTTN interacts with STIL and is required to build full-length centrioles.

Mutations in many centriolar protein-encoding genes cause primary microcephaly. Using super-resolution and electron microscopy, we find that the human microcephaly protein, RTTN, is recruited to the proximal end of the procentriole at early S phase, and is located at the inner luminal walls of centrioles. Further studies demonstrate that RTTN directly interacts with STIL and acts downstream of STIL-mediated centriole assembly.