Outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with OSA-COPD overlap syndrome versus COPD alone: an analysis of US Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with unfavorable outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The purpose of this study was to compare in-hospital outcomes of patients with COPD alone versus OSA-COPD overlap after CABG.

Methods: Data of adults ≥ 18 years old with COPD who received elective CABG between 2005 and 2018 were extracted from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS).

Promotion of oxygen reduction reaction durability of carbon-supported PtAu catalysts by surface segregation and TiO₂ addition.

Highly effective carbon supported-Pt75Au25 catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are prepared though titanium dioxide modification and post heat treatment. After accelerated durability test (ADT) of 1700 cycles, the ORR activity of PtAu/C catalysts modified by TiO2 and air heat treatment is 3 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C. The enhancement of ORR activity is attributed to surface and structural alteration by air-induced Pt surface segregation and lower unfilled d states.