Thermal reaction norms and the scale of temperature variation: latitudinal vulnerability of intertidal nacellid limpets to climate change.

The thermal reaction norms of 4 closely related intertidal Nacellid limpets, Antarctic (Nacella concinna), New Zealand (Cellana ornata), Australia (C. tramoserica) and Singapore (C. radiata), were compared across environments with different temperature magnitude, variability and predictability, to test their relative vulnerability to different scales of climate warming.

Upper temperature limits of tropical marine ectotherms: global warming implications.

Animal physiology, ecology and evolution are affected by temperature and it is expected that community structure will be strongly influenced by global warming. This is particularly relevant in the tropics, where organisms are already living close to their upper temperature limits and hence are highly vulnerable to rising temperature. Here we present data on upper temperature limits of 34 tropical marine ectotherm species from seven phyla living in intertidal and subtidal habitats.

Pharmaceuticals as antifoulants: concept and principles.

The hypothesis that pharmaceuticals, with their known syntheses, chemical properties and primary mechanism of action would be an efficient source of new antifouling agents compatible with existing antifouling coating technology was tested. Twenty-three compounds at concentrations from 5 micrograms ml-1 to 40 ng ml-1 were tested for toxicity and inhibition of settlement of barnacle larvae. The compounds had a wide range of solubility in water and covered nine primary mechanisms of action in vertebrates.