Colonic diverticulitis in children: A retrospective study of 16 patients.

Background: Pediatric colonic diverticulitis (CD) is a rare entity. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of CD in children.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of children aged ≤15 years who were diagnosed with CD in our institution from May 2006 to November 2016.

A case of biliary atresia with pancreaticobiliary maljunction.

Background: The pathogenesis of biliary atresia (BA) is still unknown. There are several reports on the etiology of BA, including pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM). We experienced a case of Kasai type IIIa BA with PBM, in which we found elevation of pancreatic enzymes in the gallbladder.

Predictive factor for intraoperative tumor rupture of Wilms tumor.

Purpose: For Wilms tumor, intraoperative tumor rupture with wide tumor spillage during surgical manipulation raises the classification to stage 3. Then, postoperative chemotherapy must be more intensive, and abdominal radiotherapy is added. Therefore, intraoperative tumor rupture should be avoided if possible.

Evaluation of the intraoperative risk factors for esophageal anastomotic complications after primary repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for esophageal anastomotic stricture (EAS) and/or anastomotic leakage (EAL) after primary repair of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) in infants.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 52 patients with congenital EA/TEF between January 2000 and December 2015 was conducted. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for anastomotic complications.

Surgical intervention strategies for congenital tracheal stenosis associated with a tracheal bronchus based on the location of stenosis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate surgical intervention strategies for congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) associated with a tracheal bronchus based on the location of stenosis.

Methods: The medical records of 13 pediatric patients with CTS associated with a tracheal bronchus at a single institution between January 2006 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Type 1: tracheal stenosis above the right upper lobe bronchus (RULB) (n = 1).

Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV deficiency complicated with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a neonate.

A female infant born at 36 weeks gestational age with birthweight 2135 g, and who developed respiratory disorder, hyperlactacidemia and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy after birth, was admitted to hospital at 3 days of age. After admission, bilious emesis, abdominal distention, and passage disorder of the gastrointestinal tract were resistant to various drugs. Exploratory laparotomy was performed at 93 days of age, but no organic lesions were identified and normal Meissner/Auerbach nerve plexus was confirmed, which led to a clinical diagnosis of chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO).

A novel technique of catheter placement with fibrin glue to prevent pericatheter leakage and to enable no break-in period in peritoneal dialysis.

Objective: Pericatheter leakage is a catheter-related complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). To prevent pericatheter leakage, a modified technique of PD catheter insertion with fibrin glue was performed in 19 children.

Methods: At the time of PD catheter insertion, as much fibrin glue as possible was injected into the subcutaneous tissue along the tunneled segment of the catheter and then the skin was compressed.

Intraventricular hemorrhage as a comorbid factor for intestinal obstruction in very low-birthweight infants.

Background: In very low-birthweight infants (VLBWI), intestinal obstruction (IO) tends to increase in severity due to the immaturity of the intestine and perinatal events. We examined the clinical comorbid factors related to IO in VLBWI.

Methods: Clinical data of 160 VLBWI admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit in 2006-2011 were retrospectively reviewed.

Efficacy and histopathological esophageal wall damage of biodegradable esophageal stents for treatment of severe refractory esophageal anastomotic stricture in a child with long gap esophageal atresia.

A case in which a self-expandable biodegradable (BD) esophageal stent was used for a refractory esophageal anastomotic stricture (EAS) in a 5-year-old female is presented. The patient underwent closure of a tracheoesophageal fistula and gastrostomy in the neonatal period. Esophagoesophagostomy was performed at 18 months of age after a multistaged extrathoracic esophageal elongation procedure.

Innominate artery compression of the trachea in patients with neurological or neuromuscular disorders.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review and assess our surgical management of innominate artery compression of the trachea (IACT) in patients with neurological or neuromuscular disorders (NMDs).

Methods: Thirty patients with NMD who underwent surgical treatment for IACT at Kobe Children's Hospital and Kobe University Hospital from 2002 to 2012, were enrolled in this retrospective study. The clinical outcomes of preventive elective surgery for IACT (Group A, n=20) were assessed and compared with those of emergent surgery (Group B, n=10).

Severely high serum unbound bilirubin level after abdominal surgery in a newborn.

We report a newborn with intestinal malrotation who developed a severely high serum unbound bilirubin level and a low serum albumin level without a marked increase in serum total bilirubin level after abdominal surgery, which required exchange transfusion and albumin supplementation. The serum unbound bilirubin level may be highly relative to the serum total bilirubin level in newborns who have undergone abdominal surgery soon after birth and are hypoalbuminemic after surgery.

Innominate artery transection for patients with severe chest deformity: optimal indication and timing.

Purpose: The innominate artery sometimes compresses the trachea, leading to tracheomalacia and highly fatal tracheoinnominate fistula in patients with severe chest deformity. This study is focused on the indication of innominate artery transection for the definitive treatment of these complications.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of eight patients who underwent transection of innominate artery.

A very low-birth-weight infant with spontaneous perforation of a choledochal cyst and adjacent pseudocyst formation.

Spontaneous perforation of a choledochal cyst with ensuing pseudocyst formation is a very rare complication. We report the development of a pseudocyst adjacent to a choledochal cyst in a very low-birth-weight infant at 2 months of age. Elective excision of the choledochal cyst and biliary tract reconstruction were successfully performed 2 months later when the infant weighed 3 kg.

Topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor reduces esophageal stricture and esophageal neural damage after sodium hydroxide-induced esophagitis in rats.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of topical application of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) after caustic esophageal injury in rats.

Methods: Thirty-six male rats were randomly divided into three groups. Corrosive esophageal injury was produced by internal application of 30% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution to the distal esophagus.

The efficacy of slide tracheoplasty in a growing rabbit model.

Purpose: Slide tracheoplasty for congenital tracheal stenosis was reported by Tsang. This procedure provides good results, but there are few studies about the tracheal growth of post-surgical condition. Recently, not only traditional posterior to anterior slide plasty but also right side to left side slide plasty was reported.

Hypoalbuminemia following abdominal surgery leads to high serum unbound bilirubin concentrations in newborns soon after birth.

Background: The serum concentration of unbound bilirubin (UB), which is bilirubin not bound to albumin (Alb), is a better index than total bilirubin concentration (TB) for identifying infants at risk for developing bilirubin neurotoxicity. The degree to which the hypoalbuminemia following abdominal surgery in jaundiced newborns affects bilirubin binding is unknown.

Objective: To determine whether lower Alb occurring in newborns undergoing abdominal surgery shortly after birth results in significantly higher UB in serum versus nonsurgical patients at comparable serum TB.

Development of a model of benign esophageal stricture in rats: the optimal concentration of sodium hydroxide for stricture formation.

Purpose: To investigate the optimal concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on esophageal stricture formation in rats to establish an animal model of benign esophageal stricture (BES).

Methods: Corrosive esophageal burn was produced by internal application of different concentrations of NaOH to the distal esophagus in rats. As much as 66 male rats were randomly divided into eight groups: Group A (control, n = 6), Group B (sham-operated group, n = 6), Group C (5% NaOH, n = 8), Group D (10% NaOH, n = 8), Group E (20% NaOH, n = 8), Group F (30% NaOH, n = 10), Group G (40% NaOH, n = 14), and Group H (50% NaOH, n = 6).

Minimally invasive innominate artery transection for tracheomalacia using 3-dimensional multidetector-row computed tomographic angiography: report of a case.

We successfully performed transection of the innominate artery in a patient with a neuromuscular disorder through minimally invasive access after confirming the anatomical relationships of the vessel using 3-dimensional multidetector-row computed tomographic angiography. A 16-year-old girl with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 had been on long-term mechanical ventilation with a tracheostomy. She had scoliosis and tracheomalacia.

Efficacy and safety of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration for gastric fundal varices in children.

Balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (B-RTO) is an interventional radiologic technique that obliterates gastric fundal varices (GFV) from draining veins under balloon occlusion. Few reports have described the use of B-RTO in children. Here, we report a case of B-RTO in a 2-year-old female patient with isolated huge varices in the gastric fundus associated with portal hypertension after surgery for biliary atresia.

Transplantation of the cryopreserved tracheal allograft in growing rabbits: effect of immunosuppressant.

Transplantation of a cryopreserved tracheal allograft is considered to be a useful strategy in treating congenital tracheal stenosis. Recent reports of tracheal transplant experiments have shown that the antigenicity of the trachea is decreased by cryopreservation, making transplantation of the trachea possible. However, we reported that cryopreserved tracheal allografts exhibited favorable patency, but no significant growth in an animal model.

Circular myectomy for the treatment of congenital esophageal stenosis owing to tracheobronchial remnant.

The management of the congenital esophageal stenosis is not well established. The authors present an infant with critical esophageal stenosis owing to tracheobronchial remnant. This lesion was managed successfully by circular myectomy of the esophageal wall without resection.