Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis and Diabetes Insipidus as Two Sides of the Same Coin in Hypothalamic Lymphoma: A Case Report.

Background: Hypothalamic-pituitary region lymphoma is rare and diabetes insipidus (DI) represents one of the most common endocrine manifestations. We report the first case of hypothalamic lymphoma associated with both the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) and DI.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old woman with a history of stage IV large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, underwent atypical right lung resection for pulmonary nodules.

New Insights in PRRT: Lessons From 2021.

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using radiolabeled somatostatin analogs has been used for over two decades for the treatment of well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and the publication of the NETTER-1 trials has further strengthened its clinical use. However, many aspects of this treatment are still under discussion. The purpose of this review is to collect and discuss the new available evidence, published in 2021, on the use of Lu-Oxodotreotide (DOTATATE) or Y-Edotreotide (DOTATOC) in adult patients with NETs focusing on the following hot topics: 1) PRRT use in new clinical settings, broaden its indications; 2) the short- and long-term safety; and 3) the identification of prognostic and predictive factors.

Surgical Quality, Antihypertensive Therapy, and Electrolyte Balance: A Novel Trifecta to Assess Long-Term Outcomes of Adrenal Surgery for Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism.

Background: To propose a trifecta that summarizes endpoints and predicts their maintenance after adrenalectomy ( = 90) for unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA).

Methods: Trifecta was defined as coexistence of: ≥50% antihypertensive therapeutic intensity score reduction (∆TIS), no hypokalemia at 3 months, and no Clavien grade 2-5. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of trifecta.

Endocrine Toxicities of Antineoplastic Therapy: The Adrenal Topic.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival in patients affected by several solid tumours at the cost of new autoimmune adverse events. Endocrine toxicity is frequently reported in patients treated with these agents, mainly as thyroid dysfunction and hypophysitis. Primary adrenal insufficiency is reported in 1-2% of patients receiving a single ICI, but its rate is approximately 5% in patients treated with a combination of two ICIs.

D-Chiro-Inositol improves testosterone levels in older hypogonadal men with low-normal testosterone: a pilot study.

Background: Several recent journal articles report that D-chiro-inositol (DCI), primarily known as insulin second messenger, influences steroidogenesis. In particular, new evidence is arising on DCI ability to regulate aromatase expression and testosterone biosynthesis. In this regard, DCI administration could represent a good therapeutic opportunity in case of reduced levels of testosterone.

New Insights into the Activities of D-Chiro-Inositol: A Narrative Review.

D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is a natural compound detectable in cell membranes, which is highly conserved as a biological signaling molecule. In mammals, its function is primarily characterized in the intracellular transduction cascade of insulin. In particular, insulin signal promotes the release of pivotal DCI-containing molecules.

Metabolic and Endocrine Toxicities of Mitotane: A Systematic Review.

Despite the pivotal role of mitotane in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) management, data on the endocrine toxicities of this treatment are lacking. The aim of this systematic review is to collect the available evidence on the side effects of mitotane on the endocrine and metabolic systems in both children and adults affected by adrenal carcinoma. Sixteen articles on 493 patients were included.

Case Report: Ipilimumab-Induced Panhypophysitis: An Infrequent Occurrence and Literature Review.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), by unleashing the anticancer response of the immune system, can improve survival of patients affected by several malignancies, but may trigger a broad spectrum of adverse events, including autoimmune hypophysitis. ICI-related hypophysitis mainly manifests with anterior hypopituitarism, while the simultaneous involvement of both anterior and posterior pituitary (i.e.

Reversibility of Acute Adrenal Insufficiency After Hip Replacement: A Case Series.

Background: Acute adrenal insufficiency is a rare but potentially lethal condition, that is important to identify promptly and treat with replacement therapy. It can be consequent to adrenal hemorrhage that can occur after major orthopedic surgery. Few data are available about potential recovery of adrenal function, as well as both timing and modality of cortisone acetate withdrawal, probably due to the assumption that adrenal failure should be definitive.

A Rare Case of Pituitary Melanoma Metastasis: A Dramatic and Prolonged Response to Dabrafenib-Trametinib Therapy.

Pituitary metastases (PM) are rare events and to date only very few cases of melanoma PM have been described in literature up to now. We describe the clinical history of a 33-year-old male patient who underwent surgical excision of an inter-scapular melanoma in 2008. The subsequent follow-up was negative for ~10 years.

Patient Age Is an Independent Risk Factor of Relapse of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma and Improves the Performance of the American Thyroid Association Stratification System.

The 2015 American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines proposed a three-category system for estimating the risk of recurrence of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). This system includes several perioperative features, but not age at diagnosis. However, age has traditionally been recognized as a critical factor in the survival of DTC patients, and the eighth edition of TNM stated that patients older than 55 years were at higher risk of death.

Specific and Non-Specific Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Gastroenteropancreatic Tumors.

The diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is a challenging task: Symptoms are rarely specific, and clinical manifestations are often evident only when metastases are already present. However, several bioactive substances secreted by NETs can be included for diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes. Expression of these substances differs between different NETs according to the tumor hormone production.