Update on the skin barrier, cutaneous microbiome and host defence peptides in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous microbiome, immunological and skin barrier alterations. This review summarises the current evidence on skin barrier defects and on cutaneous microbiome dysfunction in canine AD.

Objective: To this aim, online citation databases, abstracts and proceedings from international meetings on skin barrier and cutaneous microbiome published between 2015 and 2023 were reviewed.

Update on the role of genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease involving, among others, genetic predisposition, environmental factors and allergic sensitisation.

Objective: This review summarises the current evidence on the role of genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitisation in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by ICADA in 2015.

Materials And Methods: Online citation databases and proceedings from international meetings on genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed.

Update on the role of cytokines and chemokines in canine atopic dermatitis.

Background: Cytokines and chemokines play central roles in the pathogenesis of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Numerous studies have been published and provide new insights into their roles in cAD.

Objectives: To summarise the research updates on the role of cytokines and chemokines in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by the International Committee on Allergic Diseases of Animals in 2015.

Cytokine transcriptome profiling in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions after IL-31 inhibition with lokivetmab.

Background: The caninised monoclonal antibody lokivetmab (LKV), directed at interleukin (IL)-31, is very effective at controlling pruritus in most dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, evidence exists that IL-31 is not required for the induction of acute allergic skin inflammation, which might explain why this treatment is less efficacious in some dogs with AD.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare the comprehensive transcriptome analysis of house dust mite (HDM)-sensitised dogs with and without treatment with LKV to attest our hypothesis that LKV does not majorly affect acute cytokine/chemokine production.

IL-31 and IL-31 receptor expression in acute experimental canine atopic dermatitis skin lesions.

Background: To optimise the interleukin (IL)-31-blocking therapy in atopic dermatitis (AD), an understanding of the chronology in the expression of IL-31 and its receptor (IL-31RA) is needed.

Hypothesis/objectives: (i) To assess the chronological expression of IL-31 in canine AD skin lesions, (ii) to compare it with serum IL-31 levels and macroscopic skin lesion scores, and (iii) to determine the identity of IL-31- and IL-31RA-positive cells.

Animals: Four atopic dogs sensitised to house dust mites.

Efficacy study of a topical treatment with a plant extract with antibiofilm activities using an in vivo model of canine superficial pyoderma.

Background: Canine pyoderma is a common skin infection caused predominantly by staphylococcal bacteria. Because of increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates, there is an urgent need for alternative or supplementary treatment options. W16P576, a Water Extract of Complex Mix of Edible Plants (WECMEP), has shown in vitro activity against a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

Proactive maintenance therapy of canine atopic dermatitis with the anti-IL-31 lokivetmab. Can a monoclonal antibody blocking a single cytokine prevent allergy flares?

Background: Once the signs of canine atopic dermatitis (AD) are controlled, the proactive application of topical glucocorticoids can delay disease flares.

Objectives: We wished to determine if the proactive administration of the anti-IL-31 lokivetmab would prevent or delay flares of canine AD.

Animals: We tested this strategy in four Maltese-beagle atopic dogs before enrolling 21 dogs with spontaneous AD.

Pilot evaluation of the antipruritic efficacy of a topical transient receptor potential melastatin subfamily 8 (TRPM8) agonist in dogs with atopic dermatitis and pedal pruritus.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) requires a multimodal therapy and there is a need for effective adjunctive interventions. TRPM8 agonists are known to alleviate pruritus by inducing cooling.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel TRPM8 agonist, 1-diisopropylphosphorylheptane (Cryosim-1), in atopic dogs.

Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis due to PNPLA1 mutation in a golden retriever-poodle cross-bred dog and the effect of topical therapy.

Background: Ichthyoses represent a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous syndrome of abnormal epidermal cornification. Although the clinical presentation, histopathological findings and genetic cause of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) in golden retriever dogs have been well investigated, the optimal management of this disease remains uncharacterized.

Objectives: In this report we describe the beneficial effect of oral and topical fatty acids for management of a golden retriever and poodle cross-bred dog (goldendoodle) with ARCI due to a PNPLA1 (Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 1) mutation.