Pediatric Parapneumonic Effusion/Pleural Empyema in Japan: A Nationwide Survey.

Background: Pediatric parapneumonic effusion/ pleural empyema (PPE/PE) is a severe infectious condition, and its management should be guided by local epidemiology and the patient's medical history. This survey aimed to determine the clinical and bacteriologic features of PPE/PE in Japan.

Methods: A nationwide retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted, targeting 159 pediatric specialist training medical facilities for inpatients ≤18 years of age who were admitted for PPE/PE between January 2007 and December 2016.

Pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG and opsonophagocytic activity in young Japanese patients with asplenia.

Patients with asplenia are at high risks of severe infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, particularly . Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) are recommended for invasive pneumococcal disease prevention; however, little is known about the immunity to pneumococci in young patients with asplenia. We measured pneumococcal serotype-specific IgG (Pn-IgG) levels and pneumococcal opsonophagocytic activity (Pn-OPA) against some PCV13-contained serotypes (1, 3, 5, 6A, 7 F, 19A) in 23 young patients with asplenia using surplus serum samples.

Pin tract infection caused by Mycobacterium neoaurum in a 14-year-old child: A case report.

Although rapidly growing non-tuberculosis mycobacterium can occasionally cause postoperative infections, Mycobacterium neoaurum is a rare pathogen of surgical site infection. We report a case of pin tract infection caused by M. neoaurum in a 14-year-old girl who was admitted for lengthening of her right fourth metatarsal bone.

Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibody levels in Japanese young patients with hematological malignancies and asplenia.

Individuals with immunosuppressive condition have a high risk of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection. In Japan, routine Hib vaccination program for children under 5 years old was introduced in December 2008. However, the national policy does not make provision for individuals aged ≥5 years who have medical conditions associated with a high risk of invasive Hib disease to receive Hib vaccine.

Identification of serotype e strains missing the gene in clinical isolates from Japan.

. Certain nontypeable cannot be assigned a sequence type (ST) by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) due to the lack of the gene, one of seven MLST loci in , which encodes a fucose-operon enzyme..

Analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from middle ear fluid before and after the introduction of government subsidies for pneumococcal and H. influenzae type b vaccines in Japan.

This study aimed to identify trends in frequency, serotype, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae isolated from middle ear fluid specimens of children aged≤15 years (mean, 2 years), before and after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) and the H. influenzae type b vaccine, at a pediatric facility in Japan. Sixty-six S.

[Pediatric Patient with anaerobic Bacterial Meningitis Who was Infected through a Spinal Congenital Dermal Sinus Route].

We report the case of a pediatric patient in whom a spinal congenital dermal sinus was detected after the onset of anaerobic bacterial meningitis. The patient was a 4-month-old boy. He had a recurrent fever for 2 weeks before admission.

[Analysis of Non-serotype b Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Isolated from Pediatric Patients].

We analyzed non-serotype b encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae (non-b Hi) isolated from pediatric patients at Chiba Children's Hospital during 2000-2012. Among 3,532 clinical isolates of H. influenzae, there were 57 (1.

Analysis of Haemophilus influenzae serotype f isolated from three Japanese children with invasive H. influenzae infection.

In Japan, publicly subsidized Haemophilus influenzae serotype b vaccines became available in 2011; consequently, the incidence of invasive H. influenzae infection in paediatric patients of less than 5 years of age decreased dramatically. In 2013, the first case of H.

[Concentration of tazobactam/piperacillin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Haemophilus influenzae type B meningitis].

While the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis is expected to decrease with the widespread use of the Hib vaccine, the resistance of Hib has actually increased. Therefore, selection of the initial antibiotics used for treatment must be performed with resistant bacteria, including beta-lactamase negative ampicillin resistant H. influenzae (BLNAR), in mind.

[Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae isolated from pediatric patients at a pediatric facility between 2009 and 2012].

We examined the antimicrobial susceptibility of 1,208 Haemophilus influenzae isolates obtained at a pediatric facility between 2009 and 2012. The percentage distribution of beta-lactamase-non-producing ampicillin (ABPC)-sensitive (BLNAS) strains was 38.2%, that of beta-lactamase-non-producing ABPC-intermediately resistant (BLNAI) strains was 13.

Incidence of bacterial coinfection with respiratory syncytial virus bronchopulmonary infection in pediatric inpatients.

Bacterial coinfection occurs in pediatric bronchopulmonary infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but the incidence is uncertain. Our subjects are 188 pediatric inpatients having RSV bronchopulmonary infection in two hospitals in Chiba Prefecture between 2005 and 2007. On admission, antigen detection kits using nasopharyngeal aspirate were performed to detect RSV infection and washed sputum bacterial culture was performed to detect bacterial infection.

The effects of disodium cromoglycate on enhanced adherence of Haemophilus influenzae to A549 cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus.

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) secondary infection often complicates respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections. Previous studies have revealed that RSV infections enhance NTHi adherence to airway epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and corticosteroids, which are frequently used for the treatment of wheezing often related to RSV infections, on the adherence of NTHi to RSV-infected A549 cells.

A pediatric patient with acute hepatitis E in Japan.

We encountered a 14-year-old Bangladeshi boy who developed acute hepatitis E in Japan. He showed improvement without the development of fulminant hepatitis. His hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype was I, which causes epidemics mainly in South Asia.

Quantitative measurements of Hemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies in Japanese children.

Background: Hemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection has a high morbidity and mortality rate in children. The frequency of natural immunity against Hib in Japanese children is not known, and Hib vaccine has not yet been introduced in Japan.

Methods: Anti-capsular polysaccharide-specific IgG (anti-CP) antibody titers were examined in serum samples from 100 children and 107 young adults who were not vaccinated against Hib, in serum samples from eight patients with Hib systemic infection and in 10 commercially available human immune globulin preparations on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

[Pediatric pneumonia, pleural effusion, and pericarditis following cat scratch disease and serological cross-reactions among Bartonella henselae and Rickettsia japonica determined by indirect fluorescence antibodies].

Cat scratch disease is associated with a variety of systemic manifestations. We report a pediatric case associated with pneumonia, pleural effusion, and pericarditis. A 3-year-old boy developed prolonged fever unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, including azithromycin and minocycline.

[Studies of treatment for Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in children].

We summarize 41 cases of bacterial meningitis in the last 11 years caused by Haemophilus influenzae. All isolates were serotype b strain (Hib). Initial chemotherapy was started with ceftriaxone (CTRX) in 22 cases, ampicillin plus cefotaxime (CTX) in 9, CTRX plus panipenem/betamipron in 5, and CTX in 2.

A mixed bacterial infection of a bronchogenic lung cyst diagnosed by PCR.

An unusual paediatric case of a bronchogenic cyst infected with both Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae is described, which was detected not by culture of the purulent cyst fluid, but by real-time PCR amplification for several potential pathogens of DNA extracted from the fluid.

[Clinical effects of piperacillin and tazobactam/piperacillin on Haemophilus influenzae lower respiratory tract infection in pediatric patients].

Objective: The prevalence of beta-lactamase-nonproducing ampicillin-resistant (BLNAR) Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) has been increasing in recent years. Piperacillin (PIPC) is one of a few beta-lactams possessing good activity against BLNAR H.