ARC Neurons Regulate Muscle Glucose Uptake.

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) is expressed in brain regions that are known to participate in the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism. We generated a novel transgenic mouse line (GHR) to characterize GHR-expressing neurons specifically in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC). Here, we demonstrate that ARC neurons are co-localized with agouti-related peptide (AgRP), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), and somatostatin neurons, which are activated by GH stimulation.

Hypothalamic GHR-SIRT1 Axis in Fasting.

Many aspects of physiological functions are controlled by the hypothalamus, a brain region that connects the neuroendocrine system to whole-body metabolism. Growth hormone (GH) and the GH receptor (GHR) are expressed in hypothalamic regions known to participate in the regulation of feeding and whole-body energy homeostasis. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is the most conserved mamma-lian nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylase that plays a key role in controlling life span and sensing nutrient availability in the hypothalamus in response to caloric restriction.