Pulp calcification identification on cone beam computed tomography: an artificial intelligence pilot study.

Background: This study aims to verify the effectiveness of a deep neural network (DNN) in automatically identifying pulp calcification on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.

Methods: This study retrospectively analysed 150 CBCT images. Pulp calcification was identified and manually annotated by three endodontists with 10 years of experience.

Review of robotic systems for thoracoabdominal puncture interventional surgery.

Cancer, with high morbidity and high mortality, is one of the major burdens threatening human health globally. Intervention procedures via percutaneous puncture have been widely used by physicians due to its minimally invasive surgical approach. However, traditional manual puncture intervention depends on personal experience and faces challenges in terms of precisely puncture, learning-curve, safety and efficacy.

Natural Underwater Bioadhesive Offering Cohesion Modulation via Hydrogen Bond Disruptor: A Highly Injectable and in Vivo Stable Remedy for Gastric Ulcer Resolution.

Injectable bioadhesives are attractive for managing gastric ulcers through minimally invasive procedures. However, the formidable challenge is to develop bioadhesives that exhibit high injectability, rapidly adhere to lesion tissues with fast gelation, provide reliable protection in the harsh gastric environment, and simultaneously ensure stringent standards of biocompatibility. Here, a natural bioadhesive with tunable cohesion is developed based on the facile and controllable gelation between silk fibroin and tannic acid.

A Study on the Acquisition and Identification of Beige Adipocytes and Exosomes as Well as Their Inflammatory Regulation by Promoting Macrophage Polarization.

Background: The fat retention rate is associated with postoperative inflammation. However, fat survival is still unpredictable even when supplemented with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). Beige adipocytes play a role in regulating pathological inflammation.

Effects of TRAF3 on the proliferation and migration of lung adenocarcinoma depend partly on pyroptosis.

Background: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) has specific regulatory effects on a wide range of diseases, including tumors. However, the effect and mechanism of TRAF3 on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to make clear the role and potential mechanism of TRAF3 in LUAD.

Autophagy regulates the effects of ADSC-derived small extracellular vesicles on acute lung injury.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been recognized to be more effective than direct stem cell differentiation into functional target cells in preventing tissue injury and promoting tissue repair. Our previous study demonstrated the protective effect of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and the effect of autophagy on ADSC functions, but the role of ADSC-derived sEVs (ADSC-sEVs) and autophagy-mediated regulation of ADSC-sEVs in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage remains unclear. After treatment with sEVs from ADSCs with or without autophagy inhibition, LPS-induced human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMVECs) barrier damage was detected.

Autophagy regulates the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stem cells in LPS-induced pulmonary microvascular barrier damage.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to be beneficial in some pulmonary diseases, and the paracrine effect is the major mechanism underlying ADSC-based therapy. Autophagy plays a crucial role in maintaining stem cell homeostasis and survival. However, the role of autophagy in mediating ADSC paracrine effects has not been thoroughly elucidated.

AMPK promotes survival and adipogenesis of ischemia-challenged ADSCs in an autophagy-dependent manner.

Some studies have shown that transplanted fat tissues usually cannot survive for long if adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are removed from the tissues in advance. It is more meaningful to explore the mechanism mediating survival and differentiation of ADSCs in the transplanted microenvironment. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to be one of the energy receptors that regulate many aspects of cellular metabolism.

Rapamycin Promotes the Survival and Adipogenesis of Ischemia-Challenged Adipose Derived Stem Cells by Improving Autophagy.

Background/aims: Ischemia is one of the main causes of the high rate of absorption of transplanted autologous fat. Autophagy allows cells to survive by providing energy under starvation. Rapamycin has been found to play a role in promoting autophagy.

Transforming growth factor-beta1 promotes Geistlich Bio-Oss osteogenesis via inhibiting local inflammation response in vivo.

Inhibiting inflammation is helpful in relieving the absorption of alveolar bone and promoting periodontal bone regeneration. In a previous study, we showed that transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-induced Treg cells inhibit the absorption of tissue-engineered cartilage caused by endogenous IFN-γ and TNF-α. In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibiting local inflammatory responses on Geistlich Bio-Oss osteogenesis promotion in vivo.

Integrin αvβ5 inhibition protects against ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury in an autophagy-dependent manner.

Integrin αvβ5 mediates pulmonary endothelial barrier function and acute lung injury (LI), but its roles in cell apoptosis and autophagy are unclear. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the significance of αvβ5 in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced apoptosis and LI and to explore the relationship between αvβ5 and autophagy. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) were pretreated with an αvβ5-blocking antibody (ALULA) and challenged with oxygen-glucose deprivation/oxygen-glucose restoration, which mimics I/R; then, cellular autophagy and apoptosis were detected, and cell permeability was assessed.

Laser beam melting 3D printing of Ti6Al4V based porous structured dental implants: fabrication, biocompatibility analysis and photoelastic study.

Fabricating Ti alloy based dental implants with defined porous scaffold structure is a promising strategy for improving the osteoinduction of implants. In this study, we use Laser Beam Melting (LBM) 3D printing technique to fabricate porous Ti6Al4V dental implant prototypes with three controlled pore sizes (200, 350 and 500 μm). The mechanical stress distribution in the surrounding bone tissue is characterized by photoelastography and associated finite element simulation.

Autophagy maintains the integrity of endothelial barrier in LPS-induced lung injury.

Understanding the role and underlying regulation mechanism of autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury (LPS-LI) may provide potentially new pharmacological targets for treatment of acute lung injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the functional significance of autophagy in LPS-LI. The autophagy of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) and mice was inhibited before they were challenged with LPS.

Role of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been an area of interest in biomedical research and tissue engineering due to their diverse differentiation abilities. In osteogenesis, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), particularly BMP‑2, are important. However, the effect of BMP‑2 on the osteogenetic capacity of BMSCs remains to be fully elucidated.

Autophagy protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury through alleviating blood-air barrier damage.

Background: Understanding the role and underlying regulation mechanism of autophagy in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury may provide potentially new pharmacologic targets for treatment of acute lung injury. The aim of this study was to adjust autophagy with pharmacologic agents to determine its functional significance in I/R-induced lung injury.

Methods: Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) and mice were pre-conditioned with autophagy inhibitor chloroquine or promoter rapamycin before they were challenged with oxygen-glucose deprivation/oxygen-glucose restoration (OGD) and lung I/R, respectively.

Transforming growth factor-β1-induced Treg cells inhibit the absorption of tissue-engineered cartilage caused by endogenous IFN-γ and TNF-α.

Background: In a previous study, we showed that IFN-γ and TNF-α induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) apoptosis and absorption of tissue-engineered cartilage, but the induced regulatory T cells (iTreg) inhibit the function of IFN-γ and TNF-α. In this study, we investigated the effect of iTreg cells on the absorption of tissue-engineered cartilage caused by endogenous IFN-γ and TNF-α.

Methods: We transfected the TGF-β1 gene into BMMSCs co-cultured with CD4(+) T lymphocytes.

Transforming growth factor-beta1 inhibits tissue engineering cartilage absorption via inducing the generation of regulatory T cells.

The objective of the present study was to explore the mechanisms of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 inhibiting the absorption of tissue engineering cartilage. We transfected TGF-β1 gene into bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and co-cultured with interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CD4(+) CD25(-) T lymphocytes. We then characterized the morphological changes, apoptosis and characterization of chondrogenic-committed cells from TGF-β1(+) BMMSCs and explored their mechanisms.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells increase skin regeneration efficiency in skin and soft tissue expansion.

Background: Skin and soft tissue expansion has limitations such as long hospitalization time and flap retraction after expansion. Our previous study suggested that bone marrow-derived stem cells contribute skin regeneration in skin and soft tissue expansion. In this study, the authors explored the feasibility of applying the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) to the treatment of skin and soft tissue expansion and increasing the skin regeneration efficiency.

[Study of immuno-tolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in allogenic transplantation].

Objective: To study the immuno-tolerance mechanism of the third-party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the allogeneic transplantation.

Methods: Forty female C57BL/6 mice and forty male BALB/C mice were respectively used as donors and recipients in skin allogenic graft model. Forty male BALB/C mice were divided randomly into 4 groups: blank control group, CP group, BMSCs group , CP + BMSCs group, with 10 mice in each group.

Bone marrow-derived stem cells contribute skin regeneration in skin and soft tissue expansion.

Skin and soft tissue expansion stimulates the proliferation of skin epidermal basal cells and increase the dermal collagen deposition and angiogenesis. To explore the contribution of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) to the generation of "new" skin during the expansion, we used a chimeric mouse model in which the donor C57BL mice were engrafted with the bone marrow of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) transgenic mice. BMSCs were collected from the tibia and femur of EGFP(+) transgenic mice, and then injected into normal C57BL mice via the tail vein (chimeric mice).