Triticain alpha represents the major active papain-like cysteine protease in naturally senescing and ozone-treated leaves of wheat.

Current background tropospheric ozone (O) concentrations have significant adverse effects on wheat. O generally induces oxidative damages and premature leaf senescence leading to important yield losses. As leaf protein degradation and recycling is involved in both maintaining cell longevity during abiotic stresses and performing efficient nitrogen remobilization during senescence, we aimed to identify proteases involved in acidic endoproteolytic activities during natural and O-induced leaf senescence in wheat.

Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor Loss, CTNNB1 and KRAS Mutations Are Associated With Local Recurrence or Distant Metastasis in Low-Grade Endometrial Endometrioid Carcinoma.

A subset of endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (EECs) with low-grade histology recur with poor outcomes. Published evidence suggests that poor outcomes may be associated with loss of expression of ER-alpha (ER-α) as well as with β-Catenin-1 ( CTNNB1 ) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( KRAS ) mutations. This study reports on institutional experience with the incidence of recurrence in low-grade EEC and their association with CTNNB1 and KRAS mutations as well as estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) expression.

The Critical Role of AMPKα1 in Regulating Autophagy and Mitochondrial Respiration in IL-15-Stimulated mTORC1 Signal-Induced T Cell Memory: An Interplay between Yin (AMPKα1) and Yang (mTORC1) Energy Sensors in T Cell Differentiation.

Two common γ-chain family cytokines IL-2 and IL-15 stimulate the same mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) signaling yet induce effector T (T) and memory T (T) cell differentiation via a poorly understood mechanism(s). Here, we prepared in vitro IL-2-stimulated T (IL-2/T) and IL-15-stimulated T (IL-15/T) cells for characterization by flow cytometry, Western blotting, confocal microscopy and Seahorse-assay analyses. We demonstrate that IL-2 and IL-15 stimulate strong and weak mTORC1 signals, respectively, which lead to the formation of CD62 ligand (CD62L) killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member-1 (KLRG) IL-2/T and CD62LKLRG IL-15/T cells with short- and long-term survival following their adoptive transfer into mice.

Activation of Focal Adhesion Kinase Restores Simulated Microgravity-Induced Inhibition of Osteoblast Differentiation via Wnt/Β-Catenin Pathway.

Simulated microgravity (SMG) inhibits osteoblast differentiation (OBD) and induces bone loss via the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. However, the mechanism by which SMG alters the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is unknown. We previously demonstrated that SMG altered the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-regulated mTORC1, AMPK and ERK1/2 pathways, leading to the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation/metastasis and promoting cell apoptosis.

Association mapping of autumn-seeded rye (Secale cereale L.) reveals genetic linkages between genes controlling winter hardiness and plant development.

Winter field survival (WFS) in autumn-seeded winter cereals is a complex trait associated with low temperature tolerance (LTT), prostrate growth habit (PGH), and final leaf number (FLN). WFS and the three sub-traits were analyzed by a genome-wide association study of 96 rye (Secale cereal L.) genotypes of different origins and winter-hardiness levels.

Nutritional Composition and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Crackers Supplemented with Faba Bean Whole Flour, Starch Concentrate, Protein Concentrate and Protein Isolate.

The nutritional quality of common wheat-based foods can be improved by adding flours from whole pulses or their carbohydrate and protein constituents. Faba bean ( L.) is a pulse with high protein concentration.

Efficacy of antiviral therapies for COVID-19: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to pose a significant threat to public health worldwide. The purpose of this study was to review current evidence obtained from randomized clinical trials on the efficacy of antivirals for COVID-19 treatment.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed to identify randomized controlled trials published up to September 4, 2021 that examined the efficacy of antivirals for COVID-19 treatment.

The Energy Sensor AMPKα1 Is Critical in Rapamycin-Inhibition of mTORC1-S6K-Induced T-cell Memory.

Energy sensors mTORC1 and AMPKα1 regulate T-cell metabolism and differentiation, while rapamycin (Rapa)-inhibition of mTORC1 (RIM) promotes T-cell memory. However, the underlying pathway and the role of AMPKα1 in Rapa-induced T-cell memory remain elusive. Using genetic and pharmaceutical tools, we demonstrate that Rapa promotes T-cell memory in mice in vivo post rLmOVA infection and in vitro transition of effector T (T) to memory T (T) cells.

Prosurvival IL-7-Stimulated Weak Strength of mTORC1-S6K Controls T Cell Memory via Transcriptional FOXO1-TCF1-Id3 and Metabolic AMPKα1-ULK1-ATG7 Pathways.

CD8 memory T (T) cells play a critical role in immune defense against infection. Two common γ-chain family cytokines, IL-2 and IL-7, although triggering the same mTORC1-S6K pathway, distinctly induce effector T (T) cells and T cells, respectively, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains elusive. In this study, we generated /and αknockout (KO)/OTI mice.

The Relationships between Plant Developmental Traits and Winter Field Survival in Rye ( L.).

Overwintering cereals accumulate low temperature tolerance (LTT) during cold acclimation in the autumn. Simultaneously, the plants adjust to the colder season by making developmental changes at the shoot apical meristem. These processes lead to higher winter hardiness in winter rye varieties ( L.

Distinct roles but cooperative effect of TLR3/9 agonists and PD-1 blockade in converting the immunotolerant microenvironment of irreversible electroporation-ablated tumors.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new cancer ablation technology, but methods to improve IRE-induced therapeutic immunity are only beginning to be investigated. We developed a mouse model bearing large primary (300 mm) and medium distant (100 mm) EG7 lymphomas engineered to express ovalbumin (OVA) as a nominal tumor antigen. We established experimental protocols including IRE alone and IRE combined with Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/9 agonists (poly I:C/CpG) (IRE + pIC/CpG), PD-1 blockade (IRE + PD-1 blockade), or both (IRE + Combo) to investigate therapeutic effects on primary and distant EG7 tumors and conversion-promoting effects on the immunotolerant tumor microenvironment (TME).

Sequential expression of raffinose synthase and stachyose synthase corresponds to successive accumulation of raffinose, stachyose and verbascose in developing seeds of Lens culinaris Medik.

Raffinose, stachyose and verbascose form the three major members of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulated during seed development. Raffinose synthase (RS; EC 2.4.

A retrospective study on incidence, diagnosis, and clinical outcome of gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma in a single institution.

Background: Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma is rare but the most common subtype of cervical adenocarcinoma not associated with human papillomavirus. It is more aggressive with a shorter five-year survival rate compared to human papillomavirus-associated usual type endocervical adenocarcinoma. The objectives of our study were to determine the incidence and clinical-pathological characteristics of Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma in a single institution.

Corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Corticosteroid treatment is an effective and common therapeutic strategy for various inflammatory lung pathologies and may be an effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis of current literature was to investigate the clinical outcomes associated with corticosteroid treatment of COVID-19.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, Web of Science, and Scopus databases through March 10, 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effects of corticosteroid therapies for COVID-19 treatment.

Outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients compared to the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) often leads to mortality. Outcomes of patients with COVID-19-related ARDS compared to ARDS unrelated to COVID-19 is not well characterized.

Areas Covered: We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and MedRxiv 11/1/2019 to 3/1/2021, including studies comparing outcomes in COVID-19-related ARDS (COVID-19 group) and ARDS unrelated to COVID-19 (ARDS group).

Faba bean meal, starch or protein fortification of durum wheat pasta differentially influence noodle composition, starch structure and in vitro digestibility.

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) flour, starch concentrate (60% starch), protein concentrate (~60% protein) and protein isolate (~85% protein) were added to replace one-quarter of durum wheat semolina to enrich the nutritional quality and physiological functions of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) pasta.

Efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine clinical outcomes associated with convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19 patients. We performed a literature search on PubMed, medRxiv, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies published up to December 10th, 2020 that examined the efficacy of convalescent plasma treatment for COVID-19. The primary endpoints were mortality, clinical improvement, and hospital length of stay.

Refractory Celiac Disease Type II: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We present an unusual case of 68-year-old male, who presented with acute abdomen, ulcerative jejunitis with perforation, and 2 months later with perforation of the sigmoid colon. We will also discuss difficulties in the delay in diagnosis of refractory celiac disease (RCD), specifically the atypical presentation, multiple surgeries, the consecutive failure of distinct therapeutic options, and multiple complications that occurred within the 3 months since first presentation.

Wheat Immature Spike Culture Screening Identified Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Wheat Spike Cultured Derived Variants and in the Progeny of Their Crosses with an Elite Cultivar.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of wheat ( L.). The lack of genetic resources with stable FHB resistance combined with a reliable and rapid screening method to evaluate FHB resistance is a major limitation to the development of FHB resistant wheat germplasm.

Mesalamine in the Initial Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disorder of intestinal inflammation and includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The goal of therapy is to induce and maintain remission, which is achieved with conventional therapies. Mesalamine is considered a first-line therapy for ulcerative colitis.

The relationship between physical activity and lymphoma: a systematic review and meta analysis.

Background: The literature suggests an increased risk between anthropometrics including higher body mass index and lymphoma incidence; however, the association with physical activity remains unclear. A systematic review/meta-analysis was therefore performed to examine this association with physical activity (total, recreational or occupational).

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were reviewed from inception to October 2019 identifying relevant observational studies.

Brassinosteroid receptor mutation influences starch granule size distribution in barley grains.

Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant-based steroids which influence several morphogenetic and developmental processes. A barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotype Kinai Kyoshinkai-2 (KK-2) carrying the uzu mutation exhibited altered starch granule size distribution.

Spike culture derived wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variants exhibit improved resistance to multiple chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum, has been categorized into three chemotypes depending on the major mycotoxin produced. The three mycotoxins, namely, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV) also determine their aggressiveness and response to fungicides.

Use, effectiveness and tolerability of budesonide-MMX in ulcerative colitis: A real-life experience.

Background: Budesonide-MMX has an established role in the management of relapsing mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Data regarding effectiveness and tolerability in real-life clinical practice are limited.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the use of budesonide-MMX in ulcerative colitis, as well as short-term effectiveness and tolerability in real-life practice.

Faba bean protein flours added to pasta reduce post-ingestion glycaemia, and increase satiety, protein content and quality.

The hypothesis that adding faba bean (FB) flour and its macronutrient concentrated flours to pasta reduces postprandial glycaemia and increases satiety was tested in 54 young adult males. Each consumed a serving of pasta made from durum wheat semolina (DWS) alone, or DWS flour with 25% of flours from whole FB (FBF), starch concentrate (FBS), protein concentrate (FBPC), or protein isolate (FBPI). Post-consumption measurements included postprandial blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, GLP-1 and PYY, and subjective appetite, over 120 min.