Multi-Analytical and Non-Invasive Approach for Characterising Blackened Areas of Originally Blue Paints.

Azurite, a natural mineral pigment consisting of basic copper carbonate (2CuCO·Cu(OH)), is one of the Middle Ages' most common blue pigments. Why paintings originally coated with azurite appear blackened today remains debated. Using a non-invasive multi-analytical approach, the study analysed several unexpectedly black-appearing details (objects such as books or clothing such as veils, robes, or mantles) in Antoine de Lonhy's works.

Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra.

Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain.

Glutamate dehydrogenase in "Liverworld"-A study in selected species to explore a key enzyme of plant primary metabolism in Marchantiophyta.

In plants, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is an ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the reversible amination of 2-oxoglutarate in glutamate. It contributes to both the amino acid homeostasis and the management of intracellular ammonium, and it is regarded as a key player at the junction of carbon and nitrogen assimilation pathways. To date, information about the GDH of terrestrial plants refers to a very few species only.

Biochar effects on early decomposition of standard litter in a European beech forest (northern Italy).

The release of biochar (BC) on forest soil is a strategy aimed at increasing carbon reserves and forest productivity. The effect of BC amendments on the decomposition of different quality litter is, however, poorly understood. With this study we investigate the effects of wood-derived BC applications on early decomposition in a European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.

Effects of Wood-Derived Biochar on Germination, Physiology, and Growth of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Turkey Oak (Quercus cerris L.).

Biochar (BC) soil amendments could partially counteract soil carbon (C) stock decrease in broad-leaved forests in Italy; however, its effects on the growth of representative tree species—Fagus sylvatica L. and Quercus cerris L.—has not yet been addressed.

Archaeometric study of execution techniques of white Attic vases: the case of the Perseus crater in Agrigento.

The white ground crater by the Phiale Painter (450-440 BC) exhibited in the "Pietro Griffo" Archaeological Museum in Agrigento (Italy) depicts two scenes from Perseus myth. The vase is of utmost importance to archaeologists because the figures are drawn on a white background with remarkable daintiness and attention to detail. Notwithstanding the white ground ceramics being well documented from an archaeological and historical point of view, doubts concerning the compositions of pigments and binders and the production technique are still unsolved.

Effectiveness of a tailored medical support to overcome the barriers to education, treatment and good metabolic control in children with type-1 diabetes from ethnic minorities.

Aim: To analyze the effectiveness of a tailored medical support to help children from ethnic minorities to achieve the same good metabolic control of autochthonous peers with type-1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: Children <10 years of age belonging to ethnic minority (EM) families (Group 1) were compared with autochthonous peers (Group 2) who received the diagnosis of T1D in 2014-2016. The Protocol for minorities included other than the standard protocol: booklets translated in ethnic minority languages; weekly visits at home or at school; family-guides; clinic visits supported by professional interpreters.

Targets and teamwork: Understanding differences in pediatric diabetes centers treatment outcomes.

Objective: The reason for center differences in metabolic control of childhood diabetes is still unknown. We sought to determine to what extent the targets, expectations, and goals that diabetes care professionals have for their patients is a determinant of center differences in metabolic outcomes.

Research Design And Methods: Children, under the age of 11 with type 1 diabetes and their parents treated at the study centers participated.

Canopy physiology, vine performance and host-pathogen interaction in a fungi resistant cv. Sangiovese x Bianca accession vs. a susceptible clone.

The present study compares the physiological and cropping response of the new fungi-resistant grapevine Accession 72-096 ('Sangiovese' x 'Bianca' hybrid) against a susceptible 'Sangiovese' clone which was either fully (FS-SG) or partially sprayed (PS-SG). Data logged on Accession 72-096 indicate that while two early season sprays were enough to avoid major downy mildew (DM) and powdery mildew (PM) outbreaks, Accession 72-096 also showed concurrent desirable features such as moderate cropping, loose clusters, fast sugar accumulation coupled with sufficient acidity even at peak total soluble solids (TSS) concentration (around 24 °Brix), good color and higher flavonols prompting co-pigmentation. Conversely, FS-SG showed final lower acidity despite the notably lower sugar concentration (≅18 °Brix), as well as larger clusters and berries that resulted in more compact bunches.

High frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italian children: a nationwide longitudinal study, 2004-2013.

This longitudinal population-based study analyses the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at type 1 diabetes diagnosis in Italian children under 15 years of age, during 2004-2013. DKA was defined as absent (pH ≥ 7.30), mild/moderate (7.

Pre-surgical assessment of mandibular bone invasion from oral cancer: comparison between different imaging techniques and relevance of radiologist expertise.

Purpose: To compare diagnostic performance between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of bone infiltration from oral cancer, and to test interobserver agreement between radiologists with different expertises.

Materials And Methods: Pre-surgical CT and MRI were reviewed independently by two radiologists with different expertises in head and neck oncology. A third radiologist reviewed CT and MRI simultaneously.

Phenology, Canopy Aging and Seasonal Carbon Balance as Related to Delayed Winter Pruning of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sangiovese Grapevines.

Manipulating or shifting annual grapevine growing cycle to offset limitations imposed by global warming is a must today, and delayed winter pruning is a tool to achieve it. However, no information is available about its physiological background, especially in relation to modifications in canopy phenology, demography and seasonal carbon budget. Mechanistic hypothesis underlying this work was that very late winter pruning (LWP) can achieve significant postponement of phenological stages so that ripening might occur in a cooler period and, concurrently, ripening potential can be improved due to higher efficiency and prolonged longevity of the canopy.

A Multicenter Retrospective Survey regarding Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management in Italian Children with Type 1 Diabetes.

We conducted a retrospective survey in pediatric centers belonging to the Italian Society for Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology. The following data were collected for all new-onset diabetes patients aged 0-18 years: DKA (pH < 7.30), severe DKA (pH < 7.

Sulfonylurea-responsive neonatal diabetes mellitus diagnosed through molecular genetics in two children and in one adult after a long period of insulin treatment.

A permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus has finally been diagnosed through molecular genetics in two children and one adult after 9 to 35 years of uninterrupted insulin treatment. These patients developed diabetes before 6 months of age and were autoantibody negative. In one boy, a mutation in the KCNJ11 gene was identified at 9 years of age.

Children with type 1-diabetes from ethnic minorities: vulnerable patients needing a tailored medical support.

Background And Aim: Newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes from ethnic minorities are a growing presence in outpatient pediatric clinics, and are reported as a group at risk of poor metabolic control. In the present study we investigated the barriers affecting chances of minority diabetic children to achieve the same metabolic targets of native peers with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The study investigated 35 children from ethnic minorities (group 1) admitted to the Children University Hospital of Parma, Italy, from 1st January 2000 to December 31st, 2011, and data concerning current age, gender, ethnicity, age at diabetes onset, HbA1c, DKA severity degree at diagnosis, insulin therapy, annual number of out patient clinic visits, number of admissions for acute decompensation, and treatment cost.

3D Assessment of Lymph Nodes vs. RECIST 1.1.

Rationale And Objectives: In today's clinical practice, the size of lymph nodes is assessed by measuring the long and the short axis in the axial plane. This study compares this approach with three-dimensional (3D) assessment.

Materials And Methods: For a representative set of 49 lymph nodes, the axes in the axial plane have been measured and a 3D model has been created manually.

Celiac disease in children with type 1 diabetes: impact of gluten free diet on diabetes management.

Unlabelled: Background and aim of the work the coexistence of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and celiac disease (CD) has been long established.

Methods: Between January 2000 and December 2009, biopsy-proven CD was diagnosed in 12 children with T1D, giving a prevalence of 4.8 % in our out-patient clinic population.

Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in children and adolescents of immigrated families in Emilia-Romagna (Italy).

Background And Aim Of The Work: The etiology and natural history of T1DM are still unknown but certainly both genetics and environmental factors contribute to the development of the disease. Migration studies are an important tool to better understand the role of the environment. The aim of this study was to investigate some variables in diabetic children of immigrant families living in Emilia-Romagna compared with Italian diabetic children living in the same region.

Immunodetection of proteins in ancient paint media.

Diagnostic immunology is a powerful tool, widely used in clinical and biochemical laboratories for detecting molecules. In recent years, the technique has been adapted to materials sciences as a result of the extensive advances achieved in immunology. Today, many companies supply custom antibodies as well as new high-performance bioprobes for virtually any use.

Sedentary lifestyle in active children admitted to a summer sport school.

Aim of this study was to investigate the sedentary patterns of school-aged active children admitted to a summer sport school. One hundred-twelve children aged 9-11 years were interviewed through a questionnaire about sedentary behaviours and nutrition habits. Seventy-one per cent of children reported they watch TV seven days a week, girls less than boys (84 +/- 45 minutes vs.

Haemolysis during diabetic ketoacidosis treatment in two girls with incomplete glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a typical X-linked enzymopathy causing severe haemolytic anaemia in males, and mild to moderate anaemia in homozygous females. Haemolysis due to G6PD deficiency in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has been principally reported in males, but is uncommon. During the last 10 years 2 girls with an unknown incomplete G-6-PD deficiency showed haemolysis during the treatment of DKA at the onset of T1DM.

Intraperitoneal rupture of an infected urachal cyst: an unusual cause of acute abdomen in children. A case report and review of the literature.

Urachal cysts are rare and usually asymptomatic until they become infected. This is a report of a case of peritonitis due to intraperitoneal rupture of an infected urachal cyst in a 3-month-old girl. A review of the literature found 31 similar cases previously reported, only seven of which were described in children.

Bladder papilloma in a 12-year-old girl.

Epithelial bladder tumours are rare in childhood. A case of bladder papilloma in a 12-year-old girl is reported. Emphasis is given to the important role of ultrasound in diagnosis.