Aripiprazole IM depot as an option for the treatment of bipolar disorder.

: Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotic drugs are developed to reduce daily intake need and to overcome treatment non-adherence. Aripiprazole IM depot refers to two long-acting aripiprazole formulations, once monthly monohydrate (AOM) and aripiprazole lauroxil. AOM has been approved for schizophrenia since 2012 and for bipolar disorder since 2017.

PON1 polymorphisms can predict generalized anxiety and depressed mood in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity.

Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is a chronic condition with somatic, cognitive and affective symptoms that follow contact with chemical agents at usually non toxic concentrations. We aimed to assess the role of genetic polymorphisms involved in oxidative stress on anxiety and depression in MCS. Our study investigated the rs1001179, rs2333227, rs662 and rs705379 polymorphisms in MCS.

Mixed Features in Depression: The Unmet Needs of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition introduced the specifier "with mixed features" including 3 or more nonoverlapping typical manic symptoms during a major depressive episode in bipolar disorder type I or II or unipolar major depressive disorder. Excluding overlapping excitatory symptoms, which are frequently observed in mixed depression, leaves many patients with mixed depression undiagnosed. As a consequence, alternative diagnostic criteria have been proposed, claiming for the inclusion in the rubric of mixed features the following symptoms: psychomotor agitation, mood lability, and aggressiveness.

Quetiapine Abuse Fourteen Years Later: Where Are We Now? A Systematic Review.

Quetiapine, an atypical antipsychotic endowed with weak dopamine antagonist, potent 5-HT-blocking, partial 5-HT-agonist, anti-H histamine, adrenolytic, and sigma receptor agonist activities, since an original 2004 report is increasingly misused. Although some of its pharmacodynamics might explain some motives for voluptuary use, most of its actions are directed at setting-off those motives. Hence, it is possible that its popularity in special populations is due to the fact that the unpleasant or unwanted effects of addiction substances are somehow soothed by quetiapine.

Long-Acting Injectable (LAI) Aripiprazole Formulations in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: a Systematic Review.

Background: Several second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are available in long-acting injectable (LAI) formulations.

Objective: To systematically review the effects of the two formulations, Monohydrate and Lauroxil, of Aripiprazole LAI in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder during an acute episode or during maintenance treatment.

Methods: On September 18, 2018, we adopted the following search strategy: (aripiprazole OR OPC-14597 OR Abilify) AND (long-acting OR depot OR LAI OR once monthly OR prolonged release OR monohydrate OR lauroxil) on PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science to identify randomised controlled trials.

Brain Stimulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): A Systematic Review.

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a highly prevalent, severe, and chronic disease. There is a need for alternative strategies for treatment-resistant OCD.

Objective: This review aims to assess the effect of brain stimulation techniques in OCD.

Drug Treatment of Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder), Excoriation (Skin-picking) Disorder, and Nail-biting (Onychophagia).

Background: Trichotillomania (TTM), excoriation (or skin-picking) disorder and some severe forms of onychophagia are classified under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. There are different interacting neurotransmitter systems involved in the pathophysiology of impulse-control disorders, implicating noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, opioid peptides and glutamate, hence investigators focused on drugs able to act on these transmitters. Our aim was to critically review the efficacy of the drugs employed in impulse-control disorders.

Evolution of forensic psychiatry in Italy over the past 40 years (1978-2018).

In Italy, following the closure of psychiatric hospitals in 1978 and the release of psychiatric patients into community care, there was a mismatch between common psychiatric patients and the convicted mentally ill who were sentenced to serve in state forensic psychiatric hospitals. The recent closure of such structures following the Prime Minister's Decree of April 1, 2008, fostered the need to create new structures. These are called "REMS," and they are based in the community and led by psychiatrists and healthcare staff who may rely on the collaboration of public security staff.

Placebo Effect in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Placebo Response and Placebo Responders in OCD: The Trend Over Time.

Background: Placebo response appears to be increasing in antidepressant, antipsychotic and various internal medicine trials. A similar trend has been reported for OCD during 1989-1999. Placebo response is generally considered as the extent to which placebo treatment is associated with core symptom improvement.

Depressive symptoms, temperament/character, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in medical students seeking counseling.

Background: To investigate depressive symptoms, temperament, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits in medical students, comparing those who sought psychological counseling with those who did not seek it.

Subjects And Methods: We assessed 49 students seeking counseling (mean age=24.4 years, SD=4.

Psychopharmacological Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with affective and cognitive symptoms causing personal distress and reduced global functioning. These have considerable societal costs due to healthcare service utilization.

Objective: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in OCD and clinical guidelines, providing a comprehensive overview of this field.

Predictive factors of overall functioning improvement in patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder treated with paliperidone palmitate and aripiprazole monohydrate.

Background: Long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics can improve medication adherence and reduce hospitalisation rates compared with oral treatments. Paliperidone palmitate (PAL) and aripiprazole monohydrate (ARI) LAI treatments were associated with improvements in global functioning in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the predictive factors of better overall functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder treated with PAL and ARI.

Erectile dysfunction in patients taking psychotropic drugs and treated with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of patients with Erectile Dysfunction (ED) receiving psychotropic drugs, the impact of these drugs on hormonal profile, and the efficacy of PDE5-i in these patients.

Materials And Methods: We recruited 1872 patients referring for ED to our Andrology Unit. Assessment included serum testosterone, gonadotropins, TSH, prolactin, and PSA, and the IIEF-5 questionnaire for ED diagnosis.

Add-on high frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to bilateral prefrontal cortex in depressive episodes of patients with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder I, and major depressive with alcohol use disorders.

Background: Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is critically involved in mood and alcohol use disorders.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the safety of intervention with add-on bilateral prefrontal high-frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) and between-group differences in treatment response in patients with different types of depressive episodes, including major depressive episodes in the course of major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, type I (BD-I), and MDD with alcohol use disorder (MDAUD).

Methods: We conducted a 6-month open-label study, involving 82 patients with DSM-5 Depressive Episode.

Neural functional correlates of empathic face processing.

Objectives: Empathy is a human trait related to the ability to share someone else's feelings, and emotional face processing is one of its measures. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies showed significant neural correlates of empathic face processing. We aimed to identify those brain areas most consistently involved in empathy for emotional faces.

Neurobiological Evidence for the Primacy of Mania Hypothesis.

Background: Athanasios Koukopoulos proposed the primacy of mania hypothesis (PoM) in a 2006 book chapter and later, in two peer-reviewed papers with Nassir Ghaemi and other collaborators. This hypothesis supports that in bipolar disorder, mania leads to depression, while depression does not lead to mania.

Objective: To identify evidence in literature that supports or falsifies this hypothesis.

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of First-Episode Psychoses during Attentional and Memory Task Performance.

Background: The nature of the alteration of the response to cognitive tasks in first-episode psychosis (FEP) still awaits clarification. We used activation likelihood estimation, an increasingly used method in evaluating normal and pathological brain function, to identify activation changes in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of FEP during attentional and memory tasks.

Methods: We included 11 peer-reviewed fMRI studies assessing FEP patients versus healthy controls (HCs) during performance of attentional and memory tasks.

Add-on high frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) to bilateral prefrontal cortex reduces cocaine craving in patients with cocaine use disorder.

Introduction: Cocaine dependence is a substantial public health problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of high frequency deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS) on craving in patients with cocaine use disorder (CUD).

Methods: Seven men (mean age, 48.

Model of Management (Mo.Ma) for the patient with schizophrenia: crisis control, maintenance, relapse prevention, and recovery with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs).

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disease that affects approximately 1% of the population with a relevant chronic impact on social and occupational functioning and daily activities. People with schizophrenia are 2-2.5 times more likely to die early than the general population.

Add-on deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) for the treatment of chronic migraine: A preliminary study.

Introduction: Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (dTMS) can be an alternative treatment to relieve pain in chronic migraine (CM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-frequency dTMS in add-on to standard treatment for CM in patients not responding to effective abortive or preventive drug treatment.

Methods: We randomized 14 patients with International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd Edition (ICHD-3) treatment-resistant CM to add-on dTMS (n=7) or standard abortive or preventive antimigraine treatment (n=7).