What is new in the 2023 European Society of Endodontology S3-level clinical practice guidelines?

Background: The European Society of Endodontology published in 2023, the S3-level clinical practice guidelines, which supersede the Quality Guidelines for Endodontic Treatment published in 2006.

Objectives: This review aims to summarize and compare the above guidelines to support their dissemination.

Method: A narrative synthesis of the main differences alongside tabulation according to the main themes.

Assessing the impact of obturation techniques, kinematics and irrigation protocols on apical debris extrusion and time required in endodontic retreatment.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of kinematics and irrigation protocols on the extrusion of apical debris during removal of different obturation techniques. A total of 144 single-rooted teeth were instrumented and obturated with Thermafil+AH Plus, Thermafil+AH Plus Bioceramic and single gutta-percha cone+AH Plus Bioceramic. Samples were divided according to the retreatment kinematics: continuous rotation or Jeni motion.

Effectiveness of root canal filling materials and techniques for treatment of apical periodontitis: A systematic review.

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the apical periodontium as sequelae of pulp death. It is managed by disinfection and filling of the root canal space.

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether obturation techniques and materials used for root canal filling led to the management of AP.

Efficacy of four local anaesthesia protocols for mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A randomized clinical trial.

Aim: To examine the efficacy rate of four anaesthetic protocols in mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).

Methodology: One hundred and sixty patients with a diagnosis of SIP were included in this randomized clinical trial. Patients were randomly allocated into four treatment groups (N = 40) according to the administered technique: Group 1 (IANB): standard inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) injection; Group 2 (IANB + IO): standard IANB followed by a supplemental intraosseous infusion (IO) injection; Group 3 (IANB + PDL): standard IANB followed by a supplemental periodontal ligament (PDL) injection; Group 4 (IANB + BI): standard IANB followed by a supplemental buccal infiltration.

Retreatment of Experimental Carrier-Based Obturators with the Remover NiTi Instrument: Evaluation of Apical Extrusion and Effects of New Kinematics.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the retreatment time and weight of apically extruded debris yielded by two different kinematics during the removal of different root canal filling materials. Forty straight single-rooted extracted teeth were instrumented with HyFlex CM files and obturated with two different techniques: 25.04 HyFlex experimental carrier-based obturators (Coltène/Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland) (group 1) or 25.

Evaluation of the root filling quality with experimental carrier-based obturators: a CLSM and FEG-SEM analysis.

This study evaluated tubule penetration of GuttaFlow Bioseal with cold single cone or carrier-based technique, under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Twenty straight single-rooted teeth were instrumented with Hyflex CM and divided in two groups (n = 10) according to the obturation method: single cold gutta-percha cones; experimental carrier-based obturators. GuttaFlow Bioseal, labelled with Rhodamine B dye, was used as sealer in both groups.

In-Depth Metallurgical and Microstructural Analysis of Oneshape and Heat Treated Onecurve Instruments.

Objective: To define surface, mechanical, microstructural and metallurgical features of conventional One-Shape (OShape) and heat-treated OneCurve (OCurve) nickel-titanium instruments.

Methods: Instruments were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on new instruments and after simulated clinical use (SCU). Cyclic fatigue testing was performed and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) and the length of the fractured instruments were measured (Mann-Whitney test).

Combining apical torsional load and cyclic fatigue resistance of NiTi instruments: New approach to determine the effective lifespan of rotary instruments.

In the described proof-of-principle experiments, we introduced a novel testing device to investigate how different concurrent torsional loads influence the cyclic fatigue (CF) resistance of a nickel-titanium (NiTi) instrument. The device was designed to test CF resistance of NiTi files with a standardized load on the apical 5 mm; a movable cylinder controlled by a lever provided a uniform real-time load. Thirty-three NiTi instruments 25.

Maryland-bridge application as a suitable technique to preserve marginal bone level of not-submerged supracrestal implants.

Background: One to 6 months after implant placement is a critical time/period responsible for crestal bone loss that may affect implant osseointegration. The study aims to explore the effectiveness of provisional adhesive Maryland-bridge (AMB) applied to prevent marginal bone level (MBL) around implants placed in edentulous crestal bone in posterior area during osseointegration period.

Methods: Healthy, non-smoker patients (N.

Factors Affecting Soft and Hard Tissues Around Two-Piece Transmucosal Implants: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: This 3-year study aimed to evaluate hard and soft tissue modification around a two-piece implant characterized by a transmucosal hyperbolic neck in healthy consecutive patients with a need for single-tooth replacement.

Materials And Methods: Two-piece implants (n = 66) were placed with a flapless technique in 56 patients (27 men; 29 women; mean age 55 ± 9 years): 16 immediately after root extraction (immediate group), 20 after 8 to 12 weeks (early group), and 30 after 10 or more months (delayed group). The transmucosal hyperbolic neck was exposed 1 to 1.

Secondary Root Canal Treatment with Reciproc Blue and K-File: Radiographic and ESEM-EDX Analysis of Dentin and Root Canal Filling Remnants.

Secondary root canal treatment requires the complete removal of filling materials with different chemical-physical properties. A newly developed single-use NiTi instrument (Reciproc Blue, RB) may be more effective in root canal retreatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morphology and composition of remnants after retreatment with RB compared to traditional K-File technique, in canals obturated with Thermafil/AH Plus.

A Multilevel Analysis of Platform-Switching Flapless Implants Placed at Tissue Level: 4-year Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the factors affecting peri-implant marginal bone level of single platform-switched implants with a smooth neck placed at gingival level (tissue level) using a flapless technique.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive healthy patients requiring dental implant rehabilitations were enrolled in this study. Titanium implants with a zirconium-oxide-blasted surface and a platform-switch neck tulip configuration were used.

Rehabilitation of anterior maxilla with a novel hyperbolic profile transmucosal implant in elderly patients.

Background: This study aims to evaluate soft and hard tissues response of a two-piece implant placed nonsubmerged in elderly patients' anterior maxilla. Marginal bone level and Pink Esthetic Score (PES) were evaluated up to 24 months.

Methods: Twelve healthy consecutive patients (mean age 65.

Correction to: The fate of root canals obturated with Thermafil: 10-year data for patients treated in a master's program.

The author names in the original version of this article were inadvertently interchange. Correct presentation of author names is reflected here.

The fate of root canals obturated with Thermafil: 10-year data for patients treated in a master's program.

Objectives: Retrospective description of the 10-year success rate of endodontic treatments with Thermafil (TF).

Materials And Methods: Patients treated by postgraduate students in an Endodontics Master's Program (2006-2008) were enrolled. All treated root canals were filled with TF and AH Plus.

Impact of a modified motion on the fatigue life of NiTi reciprocating instruments: a Weibull analysis.

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of a modified motion on the fatigue life of four brands of nickel-titanium (NiTi) reciprocating instruments.

Materials And Methods: Cyclic fatigue (CF) resistance of 160 instruments was evaluated in an artificial stainless-steel canal (90° angle, 5-mm radius of curvature). WaveOne and WaveOne Gold (Denstply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) and Reciproc and Reciproc Blue (VDW, Munich, Germany) were tested with two different motions: (1) X-Smart Plus (Denstply Maillefer) endodontic motor and (2) a 4:1 contra-angle with an experimental motion (EVO) with different rotation angles and based on a sinusoidal acceleration.

Outcome of secondary root canal treatment filled with Thermafil: a 5-year follow-up of retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The aim of the present retrospective cohort study was to assess the 5-year outcome and survival of secondary root canal treatments (2°RCT), exploring the influence of pre-, intra-, and post-operative variables.

Materials And Methods: One hundred thirty-two endodontically retreated teeth were radiographically and clinically re-examined after 5 years. 2°RCT had been performed during a Masters program following standardized protocols and filled with AH Plus/Thermafil (TF).

Immediate Early and Delayed Implants: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study of 131 Transmucosal Flapless Implants Placed in Sites With Different Pre-extractive Endodontic Infections.

Introduction: To evaluate clinical outcome of early, immediate, and delayed transmucosal implants placed in patients affected by acute/chronic endodontic lesions.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-five consecutive patients received 131 titanium implants with zirconium-oxide blasted surface. Pre-extractive diagnosis represented the main criteria for implant placement timing, following "best treatment" criteria.

Wear and metallographic analysis of WaveOne and reciproc NiTi instruments before and after three uses in root canals.

Reciprocating instruments made from M-wire alloy have been proposed to reduce the risk of fracture. No information is available on the surface alteration after single and multiple uses in root canals. Two reciprocating NiTi instruments were used on extracted teeth up to three times.

Long-term outcome of non-surgical root canal treatment: a retrospective analysis.

This study investigated the long-term clinical outcome of root canal treatment. 240 root-treated teeth (n = 61 patients) were initially classified on the basis of radiographic presence/absence of initial apical periodontitis (IAP) and clinical data. The final outcome measure was the periapical healing (healed/disease).

Metallurgical analysis and fatigue resistance of WaveOne and ProTaper nickel-titanium instruments.

The aim of the study was to evaluate cyclic fatigue resistance of two NiTi instruments and to analyse their surface, fractographic and matrix morphology under ESEM/EDS and optical microscopy. WaveOne Primary and ProTaper Universal F2 brand new instruments were subjected to fatigue testing in an artificial canal with 5.0 mm radius and 60° angle of curvature.

The effect of the NRT files instrumentation on the quality of the surface of the root canal wall.

Purpose: To analyze in vitro, trough scanning electron microscope (SEM), the shaping ability of NRT NiTi rotary system (Mani, Inc, Toshigi-Ken, Japan).

Methods: Ten extracted human teeth were cut at the level of the CEJ and prepared with Gates-Glidden burs 4-3-2 and NRT rotary files up to size #35. Irrigation was performed with 7.

Symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis associated with red complex bacteria: clinical and microbiological evaluation.

In this study, the association of red complex (RC) bacteria that include Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis with acute, exacerbated or chronic apical periodontitis was evaluated. Seventy-one patients with periapical disease were evaluated by clinical examination and microbiological samples obtained from the root canals were analyzed by a polymerase chain reaction assay. Twenty-one (29.

Cyclic fatigue testing and metallographic analysis of nickel-titanium rotary instruments.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare cyclic fatigue resistance of four nickel-titanium rotary systems and to evaluate their surface, fractographic, and matrix morphology.

Methods: Four models of endodontic rotary files (EasyShape [Komet/Gebr. Brasseler, Lemgo, Germany], ProTaper [Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland], NRT [MANI Inc, Toshigi-Ken, Japan], and AlphaKite [Komet/Gebr.

Effectiveness of three different retreatment techniques in canals filled with compacted gutta-percha or Thermafil: a scanning electron microscope study.

Introduction: This study evaluated the root canal wall morphology under scanning electron microscopy magnification after removal of 2 types of root canal fillings by using ultrasonic tips, nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments, and hand K-files.

Methods: Thirty-six extracted roots were filled by using AH Plus (DeTrey-Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) as a sealer with Thermafil (Tulsa Dental Products, Tulsa, OK) (18 roots) or warm vertically condensed gutta-percha (18 roots). All fillings were removed up to the middle third by using Gates Glidden drills.