Gender and sex bias in prevention and clinical treatment of women's chronic pain: hypotheses of a curriculum development.

This discursive paper focuses on undergraduate medical education's role in tackling gender bias in clinical practice, specifically preventing and managing from a non-biomedical perspective chronic pain in women. A preliminary web search of medical schools' curricula was performed to identify programs content related to gender bias in pain management. The web search included 10 universities' websites selected from the top 10 rankings QS Universities Rankings 2022 for medical schools.

Reduced early response to SARS-CoV2 vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, a 6 months follow-up study: The CoVaDiab study I.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus worsens the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and vaccination has been the major tool for reducing the risk of hospitalisation, and mortality. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in subjects with diabetes and controls. Differences between type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes and clinical determinants of vaccination response were also evaluated.

Dealing with uncertainty. A qualitative study on the illness' experience in patients with Long-COVID in Italy.

Background And Goals: An unknown proportion of people who had COVID-19 infection continue to experience symptoms such as fatigue, breathlessness, joint or muscle pain, difficulty sleeping, and brain fog. These symptoms have a significant impact on the quality of life. Long-COVID is a new multisystem disease still under investigation.

Precise size control of hydrophobic gold nanoparticles in the 2-5 nm range.

We report a seed-mediated synthesis strategy to control the size of gold nanoparticles at the atomic scale in the 2-5 nm size range. Starting from 2 nm seeds, a regrowth in organic solvent with a designed amount of precursor can achieve in a predictive fashion a precise mean size with a 0.3 nm resolution.

Short-term safety profile of Sars-Cov2 vaccination on glucose control: Continuous glucose monitoring data in people with autoimmune diabetes.

In patients with autoimmune diabetes no significant differences were observed in glucose control, expressed as time in range evaluated by continuous glucose monitoring comparing the 3 days after Sars-Cov2 vaccine with the 14 days preceding the vaccine.

Taking care. Nursing towards Covid-19 patients during the pandemic emergency in Italy: a qualitative study.

Background And Aim Of The Study: The Covid-19 pandemic has clearly impacted the Italian healthcare system. The growing number of patients in critical conditions has required a reorganization of the hospitals wards and of other healthcare structures, by changing the working routines of health professionals. The aim of the study is to explore if and how the nursing care towards Covid-19 positive patients have changed during the pandemic.

Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the COVID-19 Main Endemic Focus: The Lombardy Experience.

In the era of Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), concern has been raised for immunosuppressed patients, including children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collect data from IBD tertiary centers of Lombardy during pandemic. A cross-sectional survey enrolling IBD children has been completed by seven major IBD centers in Lombardy during lockdown.

Decrease of coronary heart disease risk with GLP1-receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary cardiovascular prevention: A 24 months follow-up study.

Aims: The aim of this real-world study is to evaluate the effect of glucagon-like peptide1 receptor-agonist (GLP1 RA) and sodium-glucose co-transporter2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in primary cardiovascular prevention.

Methods: Data from 312 patients with T2D, without CHD history, starting treatment with GLP1 RA (n = 174) or SGLT2i (n = 138), were retrospectively collected. UKPDS-RE score was used to estimate 10-years risk for CHD before and 6, 12 and 24 months after prescription.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the management of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: An Italian multicentre study on behalf of the SIGENP IBD Group.

Background: IBD management has been significantly affected during the COVID-19 lockdown with potential clinical issues.

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Italian paediatric IBD cohort.

Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective, cohort investigation including 21 different Italian IBD referral centres.

Germ-free mice are not protected against diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction.

Aim: Studies in the past 15 years have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in modulation of host metabolism. The observation that germ-free (GF) mice are leaner than conventionally raised (CONV) mice and their apparent resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO), sparked the interest in dissecting the possible causative role of the gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic diseases. However, discordant results among studies leave such relationship elusive.

Risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is similar to type 1 diabetes and lower compared to type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study.

Aims: Microvascular complications' risk differs between people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and people with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate whether the prevalence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy, a life-threatening complication of diabetes, also varies depending on diabetes type.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 43 adults with LADA, 80 with type 1 diabetes and 61 with type 2 diabetes were screened for cardiac autonomic neuropathy with recommended tests.

Management of paediatric IBD after the peak of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A position paper on behalf of the SIGENP IBD working group.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, spreading in Italy during the first months of 2020, abruptly changed the way of practicing medicine in this country. As a consequence of the lockdown, the diagnostic and therapeutic management of paediatric chronic conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been affected. During the peak of COVID-19 pandemic, elective visits, endoscopies and infusions have been postponed, with potential clinical and psychological impact on disease course and a high likelihood of increasing waiting lists.

Microbiota, diet and the generation of reactive nitrogen compounds.

It is becoming increasingly clear that commensal bacteria inhabiting our body surfaces interact closely with the host to modulate a vast number of physiological functions. Metabolism of dietary components by gut microbiota can result in formation of a variety of reactive compounds associated with both favorable and unfavorable health effects. N-nitrosamines and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) have been associated with detrimental health effects, including increased risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.

Dietary nitrite extends lifespan and prevents age-related locomotor decline in the fruit fly.

Aging is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and signalling. Boosting of a dietary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway e.g.

Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes in 2020: An update.

An increasing number of new cases of autoimmune diabetes occur during adulthood. Most are cases of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), a form of autoimmune diabetes with older mean age at onset, slower rate of beta-cell loss and longer period of insulin independence after onset when compared with type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, patients with LADA are often misdiagnosed as having type 2 diabetes, the most frequent form of adult-onset diabetes, and show a sustained poor glycemic control over time.

Head-to-head comparison of inorganic nitrate and metformin in a mouse model of cardiometabolic disease.

Background/purpose: Unhealthy dietary habits contribute to the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is accompanied by oxidative stress, compromised nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased cardiovascular risk. Apart from lifestyle changes, biguanides such as metformin are the first-line pharmacological treatment for T2D. Favourable cardiometabolic effects have been demonstrated following dietary nitrate supplementation to boost the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway.

The obligatory role of host microbiota in bioactivation of dietary nitrate.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule in the regulation of cardiometabolic function and impaired bioactivity is considered to play an important role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Research has revealed an alternative NO-generating pathway, independent of NO synthase (NOS), in which the inorganic anions nitrate (NO) and nitrite (NO) are serially reduced to form NO. This work specifically aimed at investigating the role of commensal bacteria in bioactivation of dietary nitrate and its protective effects in a model of cardiovascular and metabolic disease.

AMP-activated protein kinase activation and NADPH oxidase inhibition by inorganic nitrate and nitrite prevent liver steatosis.

Advanced age and unhealthy dietary habits contribute to the increasing incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. These metabolic disorders, which are often accompanied by oxidative stress and compromised nitric oxide (NO) signaling, increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular complications and development of fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of dietary nitrate, which is found in high levels in green leafy vegetables, on liver steatosis associated with metabolic syndrome.

Sclerostin is expressed in the atherosclerotic plaques of patients who undergoing carotid endarterectomy.

Background: Sclerostin (SC) is a monomeric glycoprotein expressed by osteocytes that affects bone formation. Recent studies have suggested a potential role for this protein in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate SC expression in atherosclerotic plaques of patients affected by severe atherosclerotic disease who underwent carotid endarterectomy.

Relation Between Wrist Circumference and Left Ventricular Structure in Overweight Children.

The aim of this study was to assess the relation of wrist circumference with changes in left ventricular (LV) structure in a population of overweight/obese children and adolescents. One hundred and six children and adolescents were consecutively enrolled. In all subjects body weight, height, wrist circumference, waist circumference, body mass index-standard deviation score, fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and blood pressure were evaluated.