Infectious risk in multiple sclerosis patients treated with disease-modifying therapies: A three-year observational cohort study.

Background: The disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) largely used in multiple sclerosis (MS) may result in higher infectious risk.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the infectious risk in DMT-treated MS patients.

Methods: MS patients were evaluated for infectious risk before starting, switching or during DMT.

Withdrawal from acute medication normalises short-term cortical synaptic potentiation in medication overuse headache.

Objectives: To study the effects of a standard acute medication withdrawal program on short-term cortical plasticity mechanisms in patients with medication overuse headache (MOH).

Methods: Thirteen patients with MOH and 16 healthy volunteers underwent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the left motor cortex; in patients with MOH, recordings were performed before and after a 3-week medication withdrawal program. Ten trains of 10 stimuli each (120% resting motor threshold) were delivered at 1 Hz or 5 Hz in two separate sessions in a randomised order.

Short-term cortical synaptic depression/potentiation mechanisms in chronic migraine patients with or without medication overuse.

Objective: To study the effects of trains of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the motor cortex in patients with chronic migraine (CM) with or without medication overuse (MOH).

Subjects And Methods: Thirty-two patients (CM [n = 16]; MOH [n = 16]) and 16 healthy volunteers (HVs) underwent rTMS recording. Ten trains of 10 stimuli each (120% resting motor threshold) were applied over the left motor cortex at 1 Hz or 5 Hz in random order.