Publications by authors named "Chiara Guarini"

Background: Metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer is commonly treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy. However, the efficacy and safety of this approach in elderly patients (≥70 years) remain unclear, particularly in the context of real-world clinical practice. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and tolerability of CDK4/6 inhibitor treatments in this fragile population, which is often under-represented in randomized clinical trials.

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Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) remains a prevalent and challenging malignancy among women, with significant advancements in treatment strategies over the past decades. Traditional chemotherapy has been progressively supplemented by newer modalities, including Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), Immunotherapy (IO), and Targeted Therapies (TT). Despite these advancements, there remains a critical need for strategies that maintain efficacy while minimizing toxicity.

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The advent of immunotherapy and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revolutionized breast cancer treatment, offering new hope to patients. However, challenges, such as resistance and limited efficacy in certain cases, remain. Recently, the combination of these therapies has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges.

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Lung cancer presents significant therapeutic challenges, motivating the exploration of novel treatment strategies. Programmed cell death (PCD) mechanisms, encompassing apoptosis, autophagy, and programmed necrosis, are pivotal in lung cancer pathogenesis and the treatment response. Dysregulation of these pathways contributes to tumor progression and therapy resistance.

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Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents an aggressive disease associated with a high risk of recurrence after curative treatment and a poor prognosis in the metastatic setting. Chemotherapy was for years the only treatment available in the early and metastatic setting, due to the lack of actionable targets. Clinical practice has changed following the results obtained with the addition of immunotherapy to standard chemotherapy, the development of novel drugs [i.

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Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) accounts for about 60-70% of all diagnosed BCs, and endocrine therapy has long been the hallmark of systemic treatment for this tumor subtype. However, the therapeutic paradigm of luminal BC has been overcome due to recent evidence of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) activity (such as trastuzumab deruxtecan and sacituzumab govitecan) in pretreated metastatic HR+ BC patients. Therefore, nowadays, the identification of patients who can benefit more from this approach represents a new challenge, as does the management of new toxicities and the integration of these drugs into the therapeutic algorithm of HR+ metastatic BC patients.

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Breast cancer (BC) in elderly women is an increasing health issue due to demographic changes. BC tends to present later and may receive less than standard treatment options. More often, BC in elderly patients is endocrine-positive (HR+).

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Although immunotherapy has proved to be a very efficient therapeutic strategy for many types of tumors, the results for pancreatic cancer (PC) have been very poor. Indeed, chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for this tumor in the advanced stage. Clinical data showed that only a small portion of PC patients with high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficiency benefit from immunotherapy.

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Almost 17% of Western patients affected by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have an activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation. Del19 and L858R are the most-common ones; they are positive predictive factors for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Currently, osimertinib, a third-generation TKI, is the standard first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC patients with common EGFR mutations.

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Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common type of tumor in men. In the early stage of the disease, it is sensitive to androgen deprivation therapy. In patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), chemotherapy and second-generation androgen receptor therapy have led to increased survival.

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Article Synopsis
  • New medicines called CDK4/6 inhibitors have been approved to treat a common type of breast cancer (HR+/HER2-) and are being tested for use in earlier stages of the disease.
  • Researchers are also looking into how these medicines can help with other types of breast cancer, like triple negative and HER2+.
  • Experts say we need more studies to find out the best ways to use these drugs and to identify which patients will benefit from them the most.
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The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a well-established oncogenic driver and a successful therapeutic target in several malignancies, such as breast and gastric cancers. HER2 alterations, including amplification and somatic mutations, have also been detected in a small but not negligible subset of patients affected by advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC). However, to date, there are no available oncotargets in this malignancy beyond RAS and BRAF that are available.

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