Academic freedom and innovation.

Academic freedom is a critical norm of science. Despite the widely postulated importance of academic freedom, the literature attests to a dearth of research on the topic. Specifically, we know little about how academic freedom relates to indicators of societal progress, such as innovation.

The Inter-Rater Reliability and Validity of the Italian Translation of the Structured Clinical Interview for Alternative Model for Personality Disorders Module I and Module II: A Preliminary Report on Consecutively Admitted Psychotherapy Outpatients.

To evaluate the reliability and convergent validity of the Structured Clinical Interview for Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD) Module I and Module II, 88 adult psychotherapy participants were administered the Italian translations of the SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form (LPFS-BF), Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Self Report (LPFS-SF), Personality Inventory for (PID-5), Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+), and Structured Clinical Interview for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-PD) relying on a Williams crossover design. SCID-5-AMPD Module I and Module II showed excellent inter-rater reliability. In terms of convergent validity, meaningful associations were observed between SCID-5-AMPD Module I scores and self-report measures of Criterion A; similarly, SCID-5-AMPD Module II trait scores were meaningfully related to PID-5 trait scores.

The Co-Occurrence of Trauma Related Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder: AQ Study on a Clinical Sample of Patients Seeking Psychotherapy Treatment.

The nature of the relationship between borderline personality disorder (borderline PD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD remains controversial. In this study we attempted to investigate the association between traumatic events and borderline PD and the co-occurrence of complex PTSD, PTSD and borderline PD. Finally, we tested the association between complex PTSD and PTSD diagnoses and other DSM-5 Section II personality disorders.

Crowdfunding scientific research: Descriptive insights and correlates of funding success.

Crowdfunding has gained traction as a mechanism to raise resources for entrepreneurial and artistic projects, yet there is little systematic evidence on the potential of crowdfunding for scientific research. We first briefly review prior research on crowdfunding and give an overview of dedicated platforms for crowdfunding research. We then analyze data from over 700 campaigns on the largest dedicated platform, Experiment.

Crowd science user contribution patterns and their implications.

Scientific research performed with the involvement of the broader public (the crowd) attracts increasing attention from scientists and policy makers. A key premise is that project organizers may be able to draw on underused human resources to advance research at relatively low cost. Despite a growing number of examples, systematic research on the effort contributions volunteers are willing to make to crowd science projects is lacking.

An objective comparison of novice trainees learning LESS versus traditional laparoscopy with the use of a pelvic trainer.

Objectives: To compare the differences between LESS and SL among a population of subjects inexperienced of both techniques.

Materials And Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the LESS or SL arm of the course; between the population examined, none had previous laparoscopic experience. The trial consisted in performing three increasingly difficult exercises either with LESS or standard laparoscopy.

Day surgery laparoscopic cholecystectomy: initial experience in 43 consecutive patients.

Aim: Analyze the results of an early experience in day-case LC (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) in a single laparoscopic unit, in terms of clinical outcome, unexpected admissions, readmissions, patients satisfaction.

Materials And Methods: During three years, 200 consecutive patients underwent LC. Emergency procedures (32pts) and patients scheduled for cholecystectomy plus other surgical procedures (21pts) were excluded.

Incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC): a retrospective study in a series of 737 patients treated for benign disease.

Aim: Aim of the study is to evaluate correlations between incidental thyroid carcinoma (ITC) and benign thyroid pathologies (BTP), to determine the most represented histotype and to point out the total thyroidectomy's possible advantages in terms of radicality, follow-up management and incidence of complications.

Materials And Methods: During 10 years, 739 patients underwent thyroid surgery for BTP. Fine needle biopsy (FNAB) was negative in all cases; 503 total thyroidectomies (TT), 5 subtotal thyroidectomies (ST) and 231 emithyroidectomies (ET) were performed.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Harmonic scalpel.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the "gold standard" in the treatment of symptomatic gallbladder lithiasis. Nevertheless, some pitfalls are associated with the use of the monopolar hook, such as the risk of thermal injuries and biliary complications. By contrast, the ultrasonically activated scalpel, ie, Harmonic (Ethicon Endo Surgery INC - Johnson & Johnson Medical SPA, Somerville, NJ) in laparoscopic cholecystectomies has been increasingly used for dissection of the gallbladder and for division of vessels and the cystic duct, because it reduces the risk of thermal injuries.

Laparoscopic splenectomy: ligasure versus EndoGIA: a comparative study.

Background: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of hematologic disease of the spleen. Intraoperative bleeding is the main complication and main cause of conversion during LS. In this paper, we present our experience with 112 LS procedures, comparing two different techniques and instruments for spleen dissection and hilar vascular control.