Genomic analysis of enterococci carrying optrA, poxtA, and vanA resistance genes from wild boars, Italy.

Aims: To investigate enterococci carrying linezolid and vancomycin resistance genes from fecal samples recovered from wild boars.

Methods And Results: Florfenicol- and vancomycin-resistant enterococci, isolated on selective agar plates, were screened by PCR for the presence of linezolid and vancomycin resistance genes. Five isolates carried optrA or poxtA linezolid resistance genes; one strain was resistant to vancomycin for the presence of vanA gene.

Impact of Soil Fertilization with Pig Slurry on Antibiotic Residues and Resistance Genes: A Longitudinal Study.

The impact of soil fertilization with animal manure on the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance in the environment is far from being fully understood. To add knowledge about persistence and correlations between antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in fertilized soil, a longitudinal soil mesocosm study was conducted. Soil samples were collected from the mesocosms immediately before spreading and then afterward at fifteen time points during a 320-day observation period.

Streptococcus suis serotype 9 in Italy: genomic insights into high-risk clones with emerging resistance to penicillin.

Background: Streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. In a previous study, we described a high proportion of penicillin-resistant serotype 9 S. suis (SS9) isolates on pig farms in Italy.

Occurrence and temporal distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing in clams from the Central Adriatic, Italy.

The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing is a major public health issue. Bivalves are filter-feeder animals capable of bioaccumulating the microorganisms present in water. This physiological characteristic makes them both good indicators of environmental contamination and possible carriers of pathogenic bacteria, including those resistant to antimicrobials.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Commensal Isolated from Wild Birds in Umbria (Central Italy).

The role of wildlife, including birds, in antimicrobial resistance is nowadays a speculative topic for the scientific community as they could be spreaders/sources of antimicrobial resistance genes. In this respect, we aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of 100 commensal strains, isolated from wild birds from an Umbrian rescue centre and admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Perugia (Central Italy) mainly for traumatic injuries. The possible presence of spp.

Characterization of a prophage and a defective integrative conjugative element carrying the optrA gene in linezolid-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates from pigs, Italy.

Objectives: To investigate the optrA-carrying genetic elements and their transferability in two linezolid-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) strains of swine origin.

Methods: SDSE strains (V220 and V1524) were phenotypically and genotypically characterized.

Cross-sectional study of hepatitis E virus (HEV) circulation in Italian pig farms.

Foodborne transmission is considered the main way of spreading zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in Europe. In recent years, the human cases of hepatitis E in subjects without history of travel in endemic areas have raised, suggesting that domestic HEV transmission is increasing. Pork products with or without liver, are often indicated as the source of many human foodborne HEV cases as well as small outbreaks.

Identification of plasmids co-carrying cfr(D)/optrA and cfr(D2)/poxtA linezolid resistance genes in two Enterococcus avium isolates from swine brain.

Oxazolidinones are critically important antibiotics to treat human infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, therefore the occurrence of linezolid-resistant enterococci from food-producing animals poses a serious risk to human health. In this study, Enterococcus avium 38157 and 44917 strains, isolated from the brain of two unrelated piglets, were found to carry the linezolid resistance genes cfr(D)-optrA, and cfr(D2)-poxtA, respectively. Whole genome sequencing analysis of E.

A systematic review and meta-analysis on antimicrobial resistance in marine bivalves.

Bivalves are filter-feeding animals able to accumulate contaminants and microorganisms, either of marine or terrestrial origin. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial isolates from bivalves using a systematic review of the literature. Comprehensive searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science were carried out, based upon a registered protocol (PROSPERO), and following the preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Assessing the Load, Virulence and Antibiotic-Resistant Traits of ESBL/Ampc from Broilers Raised on Conventional, Antibiotic-Free, and Organic Farms.

Poultry is the most likely source of livestock-associated Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing E. coli (EC) for humans. We tested the hypothesis that farming methods have an impact on the load of ESBL/pAmpC-EC in the gut of broilers at slaughter.

Transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during animal transport.

The transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) between food-producing animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) during short journeys (< 8 h) and long journeys (> 8 h) directed to other farms or to the slaughterhouse lairage (directly or with intermediate stops at assembly centres or control posts, mainly transported by road) was assessed. Among the identified risk factors contributing to the probability of transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), the ones considered more important are the resistance status (presence of ARB/ARGs) of the animals pre-transport, increased faecal shedding, hygiene of the areas and vehicles, exposure to other animals carrying and/or shedding ARB/ARGs (especially between animals of different AMR loads and/or ARB/ARG types), exposure to contaminated lairage areas and duration of transport. There are nevertheless no data whereby differences between journeys shorter or longer than 8 h can be assessed.

-Mediated Colistin Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESBL-Producing Infantis Strains from a Broiler Meat Production Chain in Italy.

This work aimed to evaluate phenotypically and genotypically the colistin susceptibility of 85 Infantis strains isolated in Italy from the broiler production chain, and to apply a whole-genome approach for the determination of genes conferring antimicrobial resistance (AMR). All isolates were tested by the broth microdilution method to evaluate the colistin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). A multiplex PCR was performed in all isolates for the screening of , , , genes and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of six .

Prediction of Pasteurella multocida serotypes based on whole genomic sequences.

The serotypes of Pasteurella multocida were predicted based on whole genomic sequences (WGS) with specific genes of the capsular and liposaccharide (LPS) outer core polysaccharide regions as targets. A total of 56 strains were whole genomic sequenced and in addition all assembled genomes from NCBI were included for comparison. BIGSdb (Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence Database) was installed on a Linux server and targets for capsular types A, B, D, E and F were defined as gene sequences of hyaD, bcbD, dcbF, ecbJ and fcbD, respectively and targets for LPS groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were defined as gene sequences of pcgB, nctA, gatF, latB, rmlA, nctB, ppgB and natG, respectively.

Occurrence of a plasmid co-carrying cfr(D) and poxtA2 linezolid resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus casseliflavus from porcine manure, Italy.

Objectives: To investigate the genetic elements and the transferability of linezolid resistance genes in three enterococci co-carrying cfr(D) and poxtA2 isolates from manure of a swine farm in central Italy.

Methods: Two Enterococcus faecalis isolates and one Enterococcus casseliflavus isolate carrying both cfr(D) and poxtA genes were tested for their susceptibility to florfenicol, chloramphenicol, linezolid, tedizolid, tetracycline and vancomycin. Linezolid resistance genes transfer (filter mating), localization (S1-PFGE/hybridization), genetic elements and relatedness between isolates (WGS) were analysed.

Susceptibility of Commensal Isolated from Conventional, Antibiotic-Free, and Organic Meat Chickens on Farms and at Slaughter toward Antimicrobials with Public Health Relevance.

The spread of resistant bacteria from livestock to the food industry promoted an increase of alternative poultry production systems, such as organic and antibiotic-free ones, based on the lack of antimicrobial use, except in cases in which welfare is compromised. We aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of commensal isolated from organic, antibiotic-free, and conventional broiler farms and slaughterhouses toward several antimicrobials critically important for human health. To assess antimicrobial susceptibility, all isolates and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) were analysed by the microdilution method.

Longitudinal study on antibiotic susceptibility in commensal E. coli from geese raised in free-range production systems.

The transmission of antimicrobial resistance bacteria from animals to humans has become an important concern. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) -AmpC- producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-AmpC EC) and quinolones resistant E. coli are of particular interest.

First report of urinary tract infection caused by Comamonas kerstersii in a goat.

Background: Comamonas kerstersii is rarely associated with infections in humans and has never been reported in animals until now.

Case Presentation: Herein, we describe a case of urinary tract infection caused by C. kerstersii in a young goat.

in Calves in Central Italy: Prevalence, Molecular Typing, Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Association with Antibiotic Administration.

The emergence of as the main agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea has raised concerns about its potential zoonotic role in different animal species. The use of antimicrobials is a major risk factor for infection. Here, we provide data on infection in dairy and beef calves in Umbria, a region in central Italy.

Detection of Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes and Characterization of Genetic Environments in Enterococci of Swine Origin, Italy.

One hundred forty-five florfenicol-resistant enterococci, isolated from swine fecal samples collected from 76 pig farms, were investigated for the presence of , , and genes by PCR. Thirty florfenicol-resistant isolates had at least one linezolid resistance gene. was found to be the most widespread linezolid resistance gene (23/30), while and were detected in 6/30 and 7/30 enterococcal isolates, respectively.