Toward the Application of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography with Virtual Non-Hydroxyapatite Color-Coded Maps to Identify Traumatic Fractures in Daily Emergency Settings.

To evaluate the advantages of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) virtual non-hydroxyapatite color mapping (VNHAP) in combination with standard bone CT (BCT) in the identification of subtle or occult traumatic fractures referred to emergency and acceptance departments (DEAs). Forty patients (22 men; mean age 83 ± 23.7 y) with suspected traumatic fractures referred to our emergency department and examined with a fast kilovoltage-switching single-source spectral CT scan between January and October 2023 were retrospectively reviewed.

Dual-Energy CT as a Well-Established CT Modality to Reduce Contrast Media Amount: A Systematic Review from the Computed Tomography Subspecialty Section of the Italian Society of Radiology.

Our study aims to provide an overview of existing evidence regarding the image quality of dual-energy CT (DECT) employing reduced contrast media (CM) volumes, in comparison to single-energy CT (SECT) with standard CM loads. The advantages, indications, and possible applications of DECT were investigated from the perspective of providing better patient care, minimizing CM volume and managing CM shortage. : In this systematic review (PRISMA methodology), PubMed and WOS were searched from January 2010 to January 2023 by two independent reviewers.

Different Manifestations of Persistent Sciatic Artery and Possible Treatment Options: A Series of Four Cases.

Persistent sciatic artery (PSA) is a rare vascular anomaly classified into five types according to the Pillet and Gauffre classification system. Although PSA may be detected as an incidental finding, symptomatic cases account for approximately 80% of all cases and have variable clinical presentations. Due to the frequent ischemic and aneurysmal complications, PSAs can lead to limb-threatening conditions requiring prompt identification and adequate treatment management.

Unlocking the Potential of Computed Tomography-Guided Tracers in Pinpointing Lung Lesions during Surgery: A Collaborative Multi-Institutional Journey.

Multiple techniques exist for the preoperative localization of small, deeply located solid or subsolid pulmonary nodules to guide limited thoracoscopic resection. This study aims to conduct a multi-institutional comparison of three different tomography-guided tracers' methods. A retrospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted.

Microwave ablation followed by cTACE in 5-cm HCC lesions: does a single-session approach affect liver function?

Purpose: Microwave ablation (MWA) and conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE) are locoregional treatments commonly performed in very early, early and intermediate stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite combined locoregional approaches have shown encouraging results in obtaining complete tumor necrosis, their application in a single session is poorly described. Our aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-session MWA and cTACE treatment in 5-cm HCCs and its influence on liver function.

Extravasated contrast volumetric assessment on computed tomography angiography in gastrointestinal bleeding: A useful predictor of positive angiographic findings.

Background: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition, especially in cases of delayed treatment. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) plays a pivotal role in the early identification of upper and lower GIB and in the prompt treatment of the haemorrhage.

Aim: To determine whether a volumetric estimation of the extravasated contrast at CTA in GIB may be a predictor of subsequent positive angiographic findings.

A Novel Use of Autologous Fibrin by Intracatheter Injection in Persistent Postoperative Biliary Defects: Technical Note on a Preliminary Experience.

Purpose: To introduce percutaneous selective injection of autologous platelet-rich fibrin as a novel technique for persistent bile leakage repair and sharing the results of our preliminary experience.

Materials And Methods: Seven patients (57.1% females; mean age 69.

The Clinical Utility of Lower Extremity Dual-Energy CT Angiography in the Detection of Bone Marrow Edema in Diabetic Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

(1) : Type 2 diabetes is a major cause of incidences and the progression of peripheral artery disease (PAD). Bone marrow edema (BME) is an important finding suggestive of underlying bone inflammation in non-traumatic diabetic patients with PAD. Our aim was to evaluate the presence, severity, and clinical implications of BME detected by virtual non-calcium application (VNCa) of dual-energy CT angiography (DE-CTA).

Artificial Intelligence in Lung Cancer Screening: The Future Is Now.

Lung cancer has one of the worst morbidity and fatality rates of any malignant tumour. Most lung cancers are discovered in the middle and late stages of the disease, when treatment choices are limited, and patients' survival rate is low. The aim of lung cancer screening is the identification of lung malignancies in the early stage of the disease, when more options for effective treatments are available, to improve the patients' outcomes.

The prominent role of percutaneous transarterial embolization in the treatment of anterior abdominal wall hematomas: the results of three high volume tertiary referral centers.

Purpose: Percutaneous transarterial embolization (PTE) represents a fast, safe and effective option for life-threatening anterior abdominal wall hematomas (AWHs) and those unresponsive to conservative treatment. Our study aims to assess cumulative results of safety, technical and clinical success of PTE performed in three high-volume tertiary referral centers and to evaluate the efficacy of the different embolic materials employed.

Materials And Methods: A consecutive series of 124 patients (72.

Computed Tomography Urography: State of the Art and Beyond.

Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) is a multiphase CT examination optimized for imaging kidneys, ureters, and bladder, complemented by post-contrast excretory phase imaging. Different protocols are available for contrast administration and image acquisition and timing, with different strengths and limits, mainly related to kidney enhancement, ureters distension and opacification, and radiation exposure. The availability of new reconstruction algorithms, such as iterative and deep-learning-based reconstruction has dramatically improved the image quality and reducing radiation exposure at the same time.

Cornerstones of CT urography: a shared document by the Italian board of urogenital radiology.

CT urography is a single term used to refer to different scanning protocols that can be applied for a number of clinical indications. If, on the one hand, this highlights the role of the radiologist in deciding the most suitable technique to perform according to the patient's needs, on the other hand, a certain confusion may arise due to the different technical and clinical variables that have to be taken into account. This has been well demonstrated by a previous work based on an online questionnaire administered to a population of Italian radiologists that brought out similarities as well as differences across the national country.

Role of Bronchial Artery Embolization as Early Treatment Option in Stable Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Sub-Massive Hemoptysis: Personal Experience and Literature Review.

(1) Background: We describe our experience with cystic fibrosis (CF) patients treated with bronchial artery embolization (BAE) for sub-massive hemoptysis to understand if early treatment of sub-massive hemoptysis can reduce the volume of any subsequent bleedings. (2) Materials: We performed a retrospective study including CF patients who underwent angiographic procedures for BAE following sub-massive hemoptysis, from March 2016 to December 2021. All patients underwent an initial chest angio-CT study.

2D shear wave elastography in evaluation of prognostic factors in breast cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of the 2D shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) method and to identify the prognostic factors of breast lesions.

Methods: In this prospective study, 44 female patients were consecutively included from January 2020 to September 2021. All patients showing visible masses at B-mode ultrasound underwent to clinical evaluation, followed by qualitative and quantitative 2D-SWE by two different operators with over 15-year and 2-year experience, respectively.

Precision Imaging Guidance in the Era of Precision Oncology: An Update of Imaging Tools for Interventional Procedures.

Interventional oncology (IO) procedures have become extremely popular in interventional radiology (IR) and play an essential role in the diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care of oncologic patients through new and safe procedures. IR procedures can be divided into two main groups: vascular and non-vascular. Vascular approaches are mainly based on embolization and concomitant injection of chemotherapeutics directly into the tumor-feeding vessels.

Interventional Radiology's Osteoid Osteoma Management: Percutaneous Thermal Ablation.

Osteoid osteoma (OO) is one of the most common benign bone tumors with specific clinical and radiological characteristics. Analgesic therapy and surgical treatment have been considered the only therapy for a long time. Recently, safe and effective new therapeutic options have been introduced, among which percutaneous thermal ablation techniques.

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in Acute Non-Variceal Gastrointestinal Bleedings: A Ten-Year Single-Center Experience in 91 Patients and Review of the Literature.

Objective: To report the safety and efficacy of trans-arterial embolization (TAE) for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) due to different etiologies in 91 patients for ten years.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of GIB treated between January 2010 and December 2020 was performed. TAE was performed using different embolic agents (coils, particles, glue, gelatin sponge, and EVOH-based agents).

Left Bell's palsy following the first dose of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: A case report.

Even though no definitive link has been established, Bell's palsy has been described as a potential side effect of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in a few reports, and the US Food and Drug Administration has recommended strict surveillance of its occurrence in the vaccinated general population. We present the case of a previously healthy 35-year-old female patient who developed Bell's palsy 12 h after receiving the first dose of the mRNA-1273 vaccine. Her general practitioner performed the diagnosis, and corticosteroid treatment was initiated, with slow symptoms improvement.

Anatomical Variations of Anterior Ethmoidal Foramen and Cribriform Plate: Relations With Sex.

Position of anterior ethmoidal artery and height of lateral lamella of cribriform plate (LLCP) represent critical variants in endoscopy.In 200 maxillofacial computed tomography scans of patients the position of anterior ethmoidal foramen (AEF) in relation to ethmoid roof was recorded. The height of LLCP was measured and classified according to Keros classification.

Temporal Bone Pneumatization: Relationship With Sex and Variants of the Ethmoid and Sphenoid Bone.

Pneumatization variants of the temporal bone have a crucial importance in several surgical interventions. However, very few data are known about possible correlation with other pneumatization variants.Pneumatization of glenoid fossa, petrous apex, and infralabyrinthine portion of temporal bone was assessed in 200 computed tomography scans, equally divided between males and females (18-92 years).

New advances in CT imaging of pancreas diseases: a narrative review.

Computed tomography (CT) plays a pivotal role as a diagnostic tool in many diagnostic and diffuse pancreatic diseases. One of the major limits of CT is related to the radiation exposure of young patients undergoing repeated examinations. Besides the standard CT protocol, the most recent technological advances, such as low-voltage acquisitions with high performance X-ray tubes and iterative reconstructions, allow for significant optimization of the protocol with dose reduction.

Changes of intrathoracic trachea with respiration in children: A metrical assessment based on 3D CT models.

Aim: To assess the tracheal volume and the effect of respiration through segmentation on CT-scans in children.

Material And Methods: Chest-CT of 100 patients divided into males and females, aged 3-16 years, were retrospectively assessed. Subjects underwent inspiratory and expiratory CT-scans.

Radiomic analysis of the optic nerve at the first episode of acute optic neuritis: an indicator of optic nerve pathology and a predictor of visual recovery?

Objective: Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) is a biomarker of neuroaxonal loss and index of visual function in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to assess the correlation between radiomic features and RNFL, visual acuity (VA) at patients' presentation, visual outcome (VO), and clinical diagnosis.

Methods: We reviewed imaging and clinical data of 25 patients with a first episode of optic neuritis (ON) (14 females, 11 males; 5 bilateral ON; 7 left ON; 13 right ON).

Third-generation iterative reconstruction on a dual-source, high-pitch, low-dose chest CT protocol with tin filter for spectral shaping at 100 kV: a study on a small series of COVID-19 patients.

Objectives: To investigate the role of third-generation iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) in dual-source, high-pitch chest CT protocol with spectral shaping at 100 kVp in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: Confirmed COVID-19 inpatients undergoing to unenhanced chest CT were scanned with a dual-energy acquisition (DECT, 90/150Sn kV) and a dual-source, high-pitch acquisition with tin-filtered 100 kVp (LDCT). On the DECT with ADMIRE 3 (DECT3) were evaluated the pulmonary findings and their extension (25-point score).