Publications by authors named "Chiara De Notaris"
Article Synopsis
- Crop residues contribute carbon and nitrogen to soils, significantly influencing nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, but current methods solely focus on N inputs without accounting for residue characteristics.
- Different types of crop residues, especially immature ones, have varying effects on N₂O emissions due to their biochemical qualities, highlighting the need to differentiate between mature and immature residues in emission assessments.
- To improve N₂O emission accounting, further research is required to establish emission factors for different residue types, understand emissions from belowground residues, enhance data on residue management, and evaluate the long-term impacts of residue addition on soil N₂O emissions.
Crop residues represent a climate change dilemma: they can promote carbon (C) sequestration, but they may also stimulate emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (NO). Although there are crop residue management measures to reduce NO emissions, NO reductions achieved at national scale with these measures have been seldom studied, and how farmers' willingness to accept the measures constrains their potential remains largely unknown. Using Denmark as a case study, we combined a survey (completed by 592 farmers) and national data to assess the practical potential and obstacles for the successful implementation of management strategies to reduce NO emissions from crop residues.
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- Crop residues play a key role in enhancing soil carbon stocks and fertility, which are crucial in tackling climate change, but they can also lead to increased nitrous oxide emissions from soils.
- Measures like removing crop residues, shallow incorporation, and managing the C:N ratio are effective in reducing these emissions, though some practices could negatively affect crop yield and soil health.
- Additional strategies for reducing emissions with fewer negative impacts include treating residues before application, using nitrification inhibitors, and employing crop mixture residues, highlighting the need for ongoing research for sustainable agroecosystem management.
Several biomarkers were measured to evaluate the effects of Trimethoprim (TMP; 300, 600 and 900 ng/L) in the clam Ruditapes philippinarum after exposure for 1, 3 and 7 days. The actual TMP concentrations were also measured in the experimental tanks. The total haemocyte count significantly increased in 7 day-exposed clams, whereas alterations in haemocyte volume were observed after 1 and 3 days of exposure.
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