Prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in feeding and questing Ixodes ricinus ticks from Southern Sweden.

Ixodes ricinus, the most common tick species in Northern Europe, plays a significant role as a vector of several pathogens, with its geographical distribution expanding in recent years. In Southern Sweden, particularly in Region Skåne County (referred to as Skåne), the favorable climate and landscape conditions support extensive proliferation of I. ricinus.

Cytokine mRNA expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses affected by different equine asthma subtypes.

Equine asthma (EA) is a respiratory syndrome associated with the increase of different leukocyte populations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Its pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the mRNA expression of different cytokines in the BALF, different EA subtypes and lung function.

Air Quality Assessment in Pig Farming: The Italian Classyfarm.

On 24 September 2019, the Ministry of Health issued an explanatory circular containing clarifications on the implementation methods of the National Improvement Plan for the application of Legislative Decree 122/2011. The Plan states that "In all farms where weaning or fattening pigs are raised and in breeding farms which wean piglets (excluding those for self-consumption), a risk assessment is carried out by the veterinarian on the basis of three levels: insufficient, room for improvement and optimal". ClassyFarm, a risk assessment tool for livestock farming, is applied in Italy to evaluate the level of welfare and management of animals from a variety of points of view.