DIGItal Health Literacy after COVID-19 Outbreak among Frail and Non-Frail Cardiology Patients: The DIGI-COVID Study.

Background: Telemedicine requires either the use of digital tools or a minimum technological knowledge of the patients. Digital health literacy may influence the use of telemedicine in most patients, particularly those with frailty. We aimed to explore the association between frailty, the use of digital tools, and patients' digital health literacy.

Group A Rotavirus Associated with Encephalitis in Red Fox.

In 2011, a group A rotavirus was isolated from the brain of a fox with encephalitis and neurologic signs, detected by rabies surveillance in Italy. Intracerebral inoculation of fox brain homogenates into mice was fatal. Genome sequencing revealed a heterologous rotavirus of avian origin, which could provide a model for investigating rotavirus neurovirulence.

Shp-2 knockdown prevents l-dopa-induced dyskinesia in a rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Background: Dyskinesia, the major side effect of l-dopa therapy in PD, is mainly associated with nonphysiological stimulation of denervated receptors in the striatum. In particular, DA D1 receptor-mediated aberrant extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation have been associated with striatal changes leading to dyskinesia. We recently identified the tyrosine phosphatase Shp-2 as a crucial effector transmitting D1 receptor signaling to extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 activation and reported the involvement of the D1 receptor/Shp-2/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 pathway in the development of l-dopa-induced dyskinesia.

Molecular characterization of avian rotaviruses circulating in Italian poultry flocks.

Avian rotaviruses are still largely undefined despite being widespread in several avian species and despite the economic impact of rotavirus (RV) enteritis in poultry flocks. In this study, the presence of different avian RV groups was investigated in commercial poultry flocks reared in Northern and Central Italy and with a history of enteric diseases. Faeces or intestinal contents from different avian species previously found to contain RV particles by electron microscopy (EM) were analysed by both RNA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction specific for groups A, D, F and G RVs.

Dimerization of dopamine D1 and D3 receptors in the regulation of striatal function.

Co-localization of dopamine D1 (D1R) and D3 receptors (D3R) in specific neuronal populations in the striatum and nucleus accumbens suggests that their cross-talk in the regulation of rewarding mechanisms and emotional and cognitive processes and in the development of motor dysfunctions might involve direct interactions. This paper summarizes recent data showing that D1R and D3R form a receptor heteromer in the striatum. A unique characteristic of this receptor complex is a synergistic interaction by which D3R stimulation increases D1R agonist affinity, allows a stronger stimulatory coupling of the D1R to the cAMP system and potentiates D1R-mediated behaviour.

Role of receptor heterodimers in the development of L-dopa-induced dyskinesias in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Chronic L-dopa administration is associated with development of dyskinesias. The molecular mechanisms of these side-effects, however, remain elusive. Dopamine (DA) receptors interact with other receptors to form highly organized complexes where their activity is finely tuned by several proteins.

Reciprocal regulation of dopamine D1 and D3 receptor function and trafficking by heterodimerization.

Colocalization of dopamine D1 (D1R) and D3 receptors (D3R) in specific neuronal populations suggests that their functional cross-talk might involve direct interactions. Here we report that the D1R coimmunoprecipitates with the D3R from striatal protein preparations, suggesting that they are clustered together in this region. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET(2)), we further suggest the existence of a physical interaction between D1R and D3R.

Identification and characterization of two nuclear factor-kappaB sites in the regulatory region of the dopamine D2 receptor.

Regulation of D2 receptor (D2R) expression is crucial in the function of dopaminergic systems. Because alterations of D2R expression may contribute to the development of different disorders, it is important to elucidate the mechanisms regulating D2R gene transcription. We report the characterization of two putative nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) motifs, referred to as D2-kappaB sites, in the human D2R promoter, and demonstrate that they bind NF-kappaB subunits and stimulate D2R promoter activity.

The NMDA/D1 receptor complex as a new target in drug development.

Dopamine and glutamate have been shown to extensively interact in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, to regulate different physiological functions, including locomotor activity, positive reinforcement, attention and working memory. Although dysfunctions of dopamine transmission have long been identified as critical determinants of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia, there is now increasing evidence that concurrent alterations of dopamine and glutamate function may play a central role in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Thus, defining the characteristics of dopamine-glutamate interactions may be crucial to identify alternative molecular targets for the development of novel pharmacological tools.

Loss of synaptic D1 dopamine/N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor complexes in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in the rat.

Glutamate-mediated mechanisms are related to the motor complications of L-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD). In striatal postsynaptic densities (PSD), the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) is part of an oligomeric complex with the glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), determining the strength of corticostriatal transmission. We studied D1R/NMDAR complex alterations induced by L-DOPA in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat model of PD.

Modulation of reactive oxygen species production during osmotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells: involvement of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase and H+-ATPase.

In Arabidopsis thaliana cells, hypoosmotic treatment initially stimulates Ca2+ influx and inhibits its efflux and, concurrently, promotes a large H2O2 accumulation in the external medium, representative of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. After the first 10-15 min, Ca2+ influx rate is, however, lowered, and a large rise in Ca2+ efflux, concomitant with a rapid decline in H2O2 level, takes place. The drop of the H2O2 peak, as well as the efflux of Ca2+, are prevented by treatment with submicromolar concentrations of eosin yellow (EY), selectively inhibiting the Ca2+-ATPase of the plasma membrane (PM).