Publications by authors named "Chiara Brunelli"
In 2016, the General Assembly of the United Nations recognised inappropriate Antimicrobial Use (AMU) in livestock as one of the leading causes of increasing Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). This is happening at a time when livestock production is expected to increase dramatically particularly in Africa, in response to the large rise in aggregate demand due to population growth, urbanisation and increasing income levels. Therefore, understanding the characteristics and appropriateness of AMU in livestock in this region is of utmost importance, yet data is seldom available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and represents the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease. The spread of the infection and the severe clinical disease have led to the widespread adoption of social distancing measures. Special attention and efforts to protect or reduce transmission have been applied at all social levels, including health care operators.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The detection of rosette-like clusters (RLC) of follicular cells in thyroid carcinoma has been reported mostly in the columnar cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Despite the fact that diagnosing variants of PTC is no longer encouraged by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, the identification of cytomorphological features such as RLC linked with these tumours might help reduce possible misinterpretation in thyroid fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology. We accordingly investigated the potential correlation of architectural patterns including RLC with PTC variants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA 70-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department reporting the acute onset of non-fluent aphasia, hyposthenia, and hemi-anesthesia of the right body. Brain computerized tomography revealed a subcortical hypodense lesion in the middle cerebral artery territory. Neck ultrasounds of internal and external carotid arteries and of the vertebral arteries showed a focal moderate stenosis of the left internal carotid artery due to a soft atheromasic plaque.
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- The study focuses on a new next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay designed to identify somatic mutations in thyroid samples, which could help personalize cancer treatment.
- The validation involved analyzing 463 thyroid samples from various collection methods to ensure the assay's performance, including accuracy and sensitivity in detecting mutations.
- Results showed high sequencing performance across all samples and demonstrated that the assay can effectively be used on different types of thyroid specimens, potentially enhancing the diagnosis and management of thyroid cancer.
Article Synopsis
- The study addresses how to decide between surgery or active surveillance for patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy using a new dual-component molecular assay.
- Researchers analyzed 156 thyroid nodules, including 63 classified as indeterminate, using next-generation sequencing and digital PCR to evaluate mutation detection and expression levels.
- The combined results of mutation analysis and miR-146b-5p expression show promise in increasing diagnostic precision, potentially reducing unnecessary surgeries and improving patient outcomes if validated for clinical use.
Background: The recently introduced monoclonal V600E antibody (clone VE1) is likely to be an alternative strategy for detecting this mutation in thyroid lesions. Although VE1 immunostaining and molecular methods used to assess papillary thyroid carcinoma in surgical specimens are in good agreement, evaluation of VE1 in cytology and cell block samples is rarely performed, and its diagnostic value in cytology has not been well established. In this study, we sought to determine if VE1 is suitable for fine needle aspiration (FNA) and cell block methods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCytologic Diagnosis of Oncocytic Neoplasms of the Thyroid Gland: The Importance of the Clinical Scenario.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
July 2020
It is a diagnostic challenge to differentiate benign and malignant thyroid neoplasms made up of Hürthle (or oncocytic) cells on cytologic material. They are large, polygonal cells with marked eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm reflective of overly abundant mitochondria. These cells commonly occur in nodular goiters and dominant adenomatous or hyperplastic nodules though they may also be the predominant component of neoplastic lesions.
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- - Researchers studied the role of Runx3 in human pancreatic cancer, particularly its effect on metastasis, building on findings from mouse models that showed high Runx3 levels increase cancer cell spread.
- - They analyzed 78 tumor samples from patients who had surgery for pancreatic cancer, finding varying levels of Runx3 expression, with 32 cases showing no expression and 46 showing different levels of positivity.
- - An optimal Runx3 cut-off value of 0.04 was identified, indicating that patients with this level or higher were significantly more likely to develop distant metastases, supporting Runx3's role in the spread of pancreatic cancer.
Article Synopsis
- * The meta-analysis included 28 studies and 514 patients from publications between 1995 and 2015, finding that 69% of metastases occurred later (metachronously) and over half originated from below the diaphragm.
- * Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed on 154 patients, while 195 received surgery, indicating that thyroidectomy may be a more effective treatment compared to radio-chemotherapy; understanding clinical history and techniques can enhance FNAB accuracy. *
Aims: To evaluate the incidence of PI3KCA, KRAS and BRAF mutations in primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC).
Methods: 63 consecutive patients, with a proven diagnosis of OCCC, according to WHO criteria, were included into the study. Pyrosequencing analysis of all three genes hotspot regions were performed on 2.
Article Synopsis
- This study introduces a new lymph node flap model in rats that includes a skin paddle, addressing a gap in existing models for experimental research.* -
- The model was tested on 15 Wistar rats, which showed successful flap survival, minimal donor-site complications, and effective lymphatic flow restoration after 30 days.* -
- The findings indicate that this new model, based on well-defined anatomical structures, is reliable and suitable for future studies involving autologous transplants in rats.*
Article Synopsis
- * A meta-analysis of 51 studies covering 145,928 fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens revealed that 27% of cases in the atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) category and 31% in the follicular neoplasm category had malignancy, highlighting established risks.
- * The study showed that AUS specimens had a higher malignancy risk than previously reported, while the FN/SFN category’s risk aligned with existing TBSRTC criteria, indicating the need for more research, particularly regarding Hurthle cell lesions
Purpose: The miRNA-regulating enzymes Dicer and Drosha exhibit aberrant expression in several cancer types. Dicer and Drosha play a crucial role during the angiogenetic process in vitro and, for Dicer, in vivo. We aimed to investigate the potential role of Dicer and Drosha in predicting response to Bevacizumab-based therapy in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
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