Identification of a histone deacetylase inhibitor as a therapeutic candidate for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare genetic disease caused by heterozygous mutations, is characterized by life-threatening breathing deficiencies. PHOX2B is a transcription factor required for the specification of the autonomic nervous system, which contains, in particular, brainstem respiratory centers. In CCHS, mutations lead to cytoplasmic PHOX2B protein aggregations, thus compromising its transcriptional capability.

Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) Counteract Inflammaging.

Inflammaging is one of the evolutionarily conserved mechanisms underlying aging and is defined as the long-term consequence of the chronic stimulation of the innate immune system. As macrophages are intimately involved in initiating and regulating the inflammatory process, their dysregulation plays major roles in inflammaging. The paracrine factors, and in particular extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) retain immunoregulatory effects on innate and adaptive immune responses.