Radiological and pathological predictors of post-operative upstaging of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive ductal carcinoma and lymph-nodes metastasis; a potential algorithm for node surgical de-escalation.

Background/aim: Ductal carcinoma in situ is considered a local disease with no metastatic potential, thus sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be deemed an overtreatment. SLNB should be reserved for patients with invasive cancer, even though the risk of upstaging rises to 25 %. We aimed to identify clinicopathological predictors of post-operative upstaging in invasive carcinoma.

Dynomics: A Novel and Promising Approach for Improved Breast Cancer Prognosis Prediction.

Traditional imaging techniques for breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and prediction, such as X-rays and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), demonstrate varying sensitivity and specificity due to clinical and technological factors. Consequently, positron emission tomography (PET), capable of detecting abnormal metabolic activity, has emerged as a more effective tool, providing critical quantitative and qualitative tumor-related metabolic information. This study leverages a public clinical dataset of dynamic F-Fluorothymidine (FLT) PET scans from BC patients, extending conventional static radiomics methods to the time domain-termed as 'Dynomics'.

Vacuum-assisted Evacuation (VAEv) of Symptomatic and/or Voluminous Breast Haematomas Following Surgeries and Percutaneous Procedures.

Background/aim: Among postoperative complications in breast surgery, postoperative hematoma is the most common occurrence. While mostly self-limited, in some cases surgical revision is mandatory. Among percutaneous procedures, preliminary studies demonstrated the efficacy of vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) in evacuating postprocedural breast hematomas.

Surgical Treatments for Ductal Carcinoma (DCIS) in Elderly Patients.

Background/aim: Despite an aging population, there is no consensus regarding ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treatment for elderly women. Breast surgery can be well tolerated even in elderly patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical management of DCIS in elderly patients.

The Combination of Immune Checkpoint Blockade with Tumor Vessel Normalization as a Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Breast Cancer: An Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a modest clinical activity when administered as monotherapy against breast cancer (BC), the most common malignancy in women. Novel combinatorial strategies are currently being investigated to overcome resistance to ICIs and promote antitumor immune responses in a greater proportion of BC patients. Recent studies have shown that the BC abnormal vasculature is associated with immune suppression in patients, and hampers both drug delivery and immune effector cell trafficking to tumor nests.

Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound Using Intradermal Microbubble Sulfur Hexafluoride for Identification of Sentinel Lymph Nodes During Breast Cancer Surgery: A Clinical Trial.

Background/aim: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) procedures have gained popularity in early breast cancer thanks to the reduction of surgical side-effects. The standard SLN mapping procedure uses Tc-nanocolloid human serum albumin with/without blue dye; limitations include logistical challenges and adverse reactions. Recently, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) using sulfur hexafluoride has emerged as a promising technique for SLN mapping.

Small vascular lesions of the breast diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging-guided vacuum assisted biopsy: Report of 2 cases.

Vascular lesions of the breast comprise a heterogeneous group that includes a variety of benign, atypical, and malignant lesions. These are a diagnostic challenge given variable clinical, radiological and pathological presentation, especially when they are small and asymptomatic. We present 2 cases of these rare lesions of the breast which were occult to mammographics and ultrasound studies.

Coexistence of primary central nervous system lymphoma and primary breast lymphoma: Clinical presentation, imaging features, and treatment management.

The presence of synchronous dual hematological diseases is an uncommon finding. We report an unusual case of coexistence of primary central nervous system lymphoma and primary breast lymphoma without systemic involvement in an immunocompetent patient. To our knowledge a similar case has not yet been reported in the literature.

Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Contrast-enhanced Spectral Mammography: A Retrospective Analysis and a Pictorial Review of Clinical Cases.

Background/aim: Despite the popularity of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM), univocal classification of the background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), a bilateral enhancement of the normal breast parenchyma after contrast administration, is lacking. The present study aimed to evaluate the application of BPE Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Magnetic Resonance (BI-RADS-MR) score for the CESM BPE. Moreover, a pictorial review of four different cases with CESM is provided.

Compartmental models for diffusion weighted MRI reveal widespread brain changes in HIV-infected patients.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to explore changes in the brain of subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, DTI notoriously suffers from low specificity. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) is a compartmental model able to provide specific microstructural information with additional sensitivity/specificity.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Multicentric Study.

Background/aim: Due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, many scientific committees proposed neoadjuvant therapy (NACT) bridging treatment as a novel strategy and indication. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on breast cancer patients undergoing NACT.

Patients And Methods: All breast cancer patients referred to two Breast Units during COVID-19-pandemic were enrolled.

Unusual Presentation of a Post-procedural Breast Hematoma: A Case Report.

Background/aim: Hematoma is the most frequent complication after Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy (VABB) in 13% of cases. A direct communication channel with patients eases the diagnosis of VABB complications and ensures treatment at an early stage, as outpatients, in most cases. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a reduction of self-reported postoperative complication leading to delay in the identification of harmful complications, therefore leading to need for more invasive treatment.

Primary Extranodal Follicular T-Cell Lymphoma and Ductal Breast Carcinoma Diagnosed by a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are low-grade B-cell lymphomas and the breast is not a common site for this condition. This case report describes a 62-year-old woman with a primary NHL and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the left breast diagnosed by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy. The simultaneous diagnosis of breast cancer and NHL is rare, with few cases described in the literature.

Extremely Advanced Breast Cancer Presentation: Possible Effect of Coronavirus Pandemic Anxiety.

Background/aim: Corona virus infection dramatically spread worldwide during 2020 and extraordinary restrictions have been implemented in order to reduce viral transmission. These measures compelled a complete restructuring of the health system, including temporary cancer screening suspension and a significant slow-down in cancer diagnoses and treatments.

Case Report: We report five cases of extremely advanced breast cancer referred to our Department amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 3D T1 Silent imaging.

Purpose: To compare brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using T1 3D Silent and fast T1 3D Gradient-Echo (GRE) BRAin VOlume (known as BRAVO) sequences. The primary aim is to assess the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Silent and BRAVO images by the measurement of the contrast (C), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). The second aim is to estimate the subjective sound levels and the specific absorption rate (SAR).

Advanced Stages and Increased Need for Adjuvant Treatments in Breast Cancer Patients: The Effect of the One-year COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background/aim: The COVID-19 lockdown includes restrictive measures and temporary health system reorganization. Resources were shifted to COVID-19 patients, screening programs were temporary suspended, and oncological care suffered slow-down. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of these measures on breast cancer patients.

Functional brain network reorganization in HIV infection.

Background And Purpose: To investigate the reorganization of the central nervous system provided by resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI), graph-theoretical analysis, and a newly developed functional brain network disruption index in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Methods: Forty HIV-positive patients without neurological impairment and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI at 3T; blood sampling was obtained the same day to evaluate biochemical variables (absolute, relative, and nadir CD4 T-lymphocytes value and plasmatic HIV-RNA). From fMRI data, disruption indices, as well as global and local graph theoretical measures, were estimated and examined for group differences (HIV vs.

Case Report: Early Breast Cancer Recurrence Mimicking BIA-ALCL in a Patient With Multiple Breast Procedures.

Breast reconstruction plays a fundamental role in the therapeutic process of breast cancer treatment and breast implants represents the leading breast reconstruction strategy. Breast Implant Associated-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL), locoregional recurrence in the skin flap, and skin flap necrosis are well-known complications following mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR). We report a case of locoregional cancer recurrence in the mastectomy flap mimicking BIA-ALCL, in a patient who underwent 6 breast procedures in four facilities across 15 years including immediate breast reconstruction with macrotextured breast implants.

Ultrasound-Guided Laser Ablation After Excisional Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy for Small Malignant Breast Lesions: Preliminary Results.

Background: The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the feasibility of the excisional ultrasound (US) guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAE), followed by US-guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) in the treatment of unifocal ductal breast carcinomas ≤ 1 cm and estimate the ablation rate analyzing the final histopathological results after subsequent surgical excision.

Methods: In a single session 11 female patients with unifocal less than a centimeter breast cancer underwent 2 different minimally invasive percutaneous US-guided techniques: a VAE breast biopsy with an 8 G needle to remove the lesion and, immediately after, a LITT ablation in the biopsy site. Four weeks later, all patients underwent radiological follow-up.

Breast Trauma and Triple-Negative Hemorrhagic Cystic Carcinoma: Management and Treatment.

BACKGROUND Breast trauma can always have diagnostic pitfalls. In the presence of a recurrent hemorrhagic cysts, cancer should always be suspected. CASE REPORT A 59-year-old woman noted a palpable mass after breast trauma from falling at home.

Delay in Breast Cancer Treatments During the First COVID-19 Lockdown. A Multicentric Analysis of 432 Patients.

Background/aim: Extraordinary restrictions aimed to limit Sars-CoV-2 spreading; they imposed a total reorganization of the health-system. Oncological treatments experienced a significant slowdown. The aim of our multicentric retrospective study was to evaluate screening suspension and surgical treatment delay during COVID-19 and the impact on breast cancer presentation.

A Prospective Evaluation of Tru-Cut Biopsy and Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology in Male Breast Cancer Detection.

Background: Male breast-cancer (MBC) is often diagnosed late. Our purpose was to evaluate fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) versus Tru-Cut biopsy (TCNB) in MBC diagnosis.

Patients And Methods: Men with suspicious breast lesions were prospectively enrolled; 54 met the inclusion criteria and underwent FNAC and TCNB.