Effects of Maltodextrin-Fructose Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Lipidomic Profile Following Endurance Running: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial.

Background: Managing metabolism for optimal training, performance, and recovery in medium-to-high-level endurance runners involves enhancing energy systems through strategic nutrient intake. Optimal carbohydrate intake before, during, and after endurance running can enhance glycogen stores and maintain optimal blood glucose levels, influencing various physiological responses and adaptations, including transitory post-endurance inflammation. This randomized trial investigates the impact of a high-dose 2:1 maltodextrin-fructose supplementation to medium-to-high-level endurance runners immediately before, during, and after a 15 km run at 90% VO intensity on post-exercise inflammatory stress.

Increase of continuous treatments and regional citrate anticoagulation during renal replacement therapy in the ICUs of the North-West of Italy from 2007 to 2015.

Background: Few reports have addressed the change in renal replacement therapy (RRT) management in the Intensive care Units (ICUs) over the years in western countries. This study aims to assess the trend of dialytic practice in a 4.5-million population-based study of the northwest of Italy.

Clinical exome sequencing is a powerful tool in the diagnostic flow of monogenic kidney diseases: an Italian experience.

Background: A considerable minority of patients on waiting lists for kidney transplantation either have no diagnosis (and fall into the subset of undiagnosed cases) because kidney biopsy was not performed or histological findings were non-specific, or do not fall into any well-defined clinical category. Some of these patients might be affected by a previously unrecognised monogenic disease.

Methods: Through a multidisciplinary cooperative effort, we built an analytical pipeline to identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a clinical suspicion of a monogenic condition or without a well-defined diagnosis.

Relationship Between Distance Run Per Week, Omega-3 Index, and Arachidonic Acid (AA)/Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) Ratio: An Observational Retrospective Study in Non-elite Runners.

Tissue availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) depends on several factors, including dietary intake, physical exercise, genetic variation, and metabolic turnover. However, there is limited evidence whether running training activity may influence indices associated with PUFA metabolism such as Omega-3 (ω-3) index and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4ω-6)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5ω-3) ratio. To examine the association between kilometers (Km) run per week and changes in ω-3 index and AA/EPA ratio.

[The status of peritoneal dialysis in Piedmont by 12/31/1997].

Background: The aim of the study is to examine the situation of chronic uremia substitutive treatment by means of peritoneal dialysis in Piedmont on December 31, 1997 using data from the Piedmont regional dialysis and transplant register.

Methods: Starting from the year 1981, data are reported (absolute, per million population, and according to different patient's anagraphic ages) about peritoneal dialysis prevalence and incidence; about basic nephropathies; drop-out from treatment; patient's rehabilitation; complications incidence, particularly peritonitis; patient's survival compared with survival of patients treated, during the same years with extracorporeal techniques.

Results: The data demonstrate, during these years, an increase of peritoneal dialysis incidence and prevalence; patients' survival curves, compared with those of patients treated with extracorporeal techniques, are very similar during the first years of treatment and worse afterwards, but never reaching statistical significance.

[Survival of patients starting dialysis at an advanced age in the Piedmont].

Background: Patients starting dialysis in old age (age > 70 and > 80) in Piedmont are widely increasing: the survival curves of this group of patients can give very important information to evaluate the quality of both the delivered therapy and our very wide criteria of acceptance to the treatment. To this end, using data from the Piedmont Dialysis and Transplant Register, the survival curves of patients with age over 70 and 80, beginning dialysis in all Piedmont Dialysis Units between 1981 and 1996, have been examined.

Methods: These curves have been considered both in a general way and according to the presence or absence of further high risk conditions; they show results better than expected and improving from 1981 to 1995.

[Social rehabilitation, state of the disease and quality of life. What are the parameters to evaluate rehabilitation of the patient under dialysis in the '90s?].

The parameters used at present by the Piedmont Dialysis and Transplant Register to evaluate rehabilitation and quality of life of the dialyzed patients have been useful in the past, but they will no longer be so in the future, as the typology of the dialyzed patient is changing: the mean age is increasing, patients with high-risk conditions as vasculopathy and diabetes are widely accepted to the treatment. Thus, rehabilitation has to be evaluated not only from a social and professional viewpoint, but also as "illness situation" and "quality of life" and this can be done using the Karnofsky scale and the test of Spitzer: our Register needs to be implemented in the future by such evaluations, to go on giving us useful information about rehabilitation of the dialyzed patients.

[Comorbidity factors in the dialysis registries and the experience of the Piedmontese Registry].

The parameters used at present by the Dialysis and Transplant Registries of various countries to evaluate dialyzed patients' comorbidity show great differences, mostly owing to the different epidemiological, social and racial characteristics of the studied populations. Moreover, the typology of the dialyzed patient is changing: the mean age is increasing, patients with high-risk conditions as vasculopathy and diabetes are widely accepted to the treatment. Thus the Piedmont Registry will be implemented as follows: new fields about comorbidity for clinical (blindness, cachexy and dementia), social (smoking, alcohol and drugs addiction) and diagnostic (type of diabetes, of neoplasm, of cardiovascular problem) parameters, and questions needing dichotomic response (vasculopathy yes or no) will be added.

[Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of selected long-term survivors undergoing dialysis].

At the end of December, 1993, 389 patients treated by means of dialysis for more than 15 years were registered in the Piedmont Dialysis and Transplantation Register; among them, 183 were alive. Characteristics of these patients as age at the beginning of dialytic treatment, casual nephropathies, causes of death, high risk conditions, dialytic schedules, vascular access, hospitalization requirements, rehabilitation, dialysis efficacy, gross mortality, were compared with those of patients treated for a shorter time, concluding that a very long dialytic survival can be achieved with a good clinical and social rehabilitation.

[Helicobacter pylori in patients undergoing periodic hemodialysis].

Forty-nine haemodialyzed patients have been submitted consecutively, under informed consent, to endoscopy with multiple antral gastric mucosa biopsies for Helicobacter pylori (HP) identification, performed by urease, microscopic and cultural tests, as well as histologic examination. Patients have been considered HP negative when negative for all tests; positivity for HP has been correlated with gastritis histologically evaluated according to Whitehead; at endoscopy, blood samples for HP specific IgG, IgA, IgM have been collected; patient's life style concerning smoke, alcohol and drugs as FANS has been investigated as well. HP prevalence in our haemodialyzed patients is 38.