Frequency and Significance of Coinfection in Patients with COVID-19 at Hospital Admission.

Objective Viral pneumonia is not rare in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Mixed or secondary pneumonia (coinfection) can be seen in viral pneumonia; however, its frequency in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has only been investigated in a few studies of short duration, and its significance has not been fully elucidated. We investigated the frequency and significance of co-infection in patients with COVID-19 over a 1-year study period.

Characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Background And Objective: A high frequency of infections complicating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been reported due to the immunomodulatory effect of RA or to agents with immunosuppressive effects used in its treatment. We aimed to assess clinical and radiological characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis in patients with and without RA.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 52 patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis and divided them into two groups, those with RA and without RA, and compared clinical characteristics and radiological findings between them.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Accompanying Diffuse Panbronchiolitis.

A 58-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) visited our hospital complaining of a persistent cough and sputum for the past year. She had a high cold hemagglutinin titer and chronic sinusitis. Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral diffuse centrilobular nodules, bronchiectasis, and bronchial wall thickening.

A retrospective analysis of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus pembrolizumab monotherapy for advanced or recurrent non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Although clinical trials have investigated the addition of pembrolizumab to chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer, none have investigated the addition of chemotherapy to pembrolizumab.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 71 NSCLC patients including 33 treated with pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy (combination therapy group) and 38 treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy (monotherapy group) from 1 May 2016 to 31 August 2020.

Results: Eleven of 33 (33.

Outcome and risk factor of immune-related adverse events and pneumonitis in patients with advanced or postoperative recurrent non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with pre-existing respiratory diseases have been excluded in clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, and it is unknown whether the same degree of response can be expected as that in patients without pre-existing respiratory diseases and if they are associated with increased risk for various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and ICI pneumonitis. This study aimed to evaluate predictive factors of clinical response, prognostic factors, risk factors of irAEs, and ICI pneumonitis in NSCLC patients with or without pre-existing respiratory diseases.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 180 NSCLC patients who received ICI monotherapy of nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or atezolizumab from 1 January 2016 to 31 March 2019.

Clinical course and findings of 14 patients with COVID-19 compared with 5 patients with conventional human coronavirus pneumonia.

Objective: To clarify what future problems must be resolved and how clinical findings of SARS-CoV-2 infection differ from those of cHCoV infection.

Methods: Patients and Methods Clinical characteristics of 14 patients with laboratory-confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 5 patients with cHCoV pneumonia admitted to our institution and treated up to March 8, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed.

Results: On admission, 10 patients had pneumonia, 5 of whom had pulmonary shadows detectable only via computed tomography (CT).

Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis with Pitting Edema Syndrome Complicated with Organizing Pneumonia.

We herein report a 62-year-old man with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who developed remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) syndrome during follow-up. Pulmonary infiltrations were detected concomitantly with the development of RS3PE syndrome, and prednisolone improved both the pulmonary and extrapulmonary lesions. Recognizing the pulmonary manifestations of RS3PE syndrome is necessary to provide an appropriate diagnosis and disease management.

A case of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy during treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis in a type 1 diabetic patient.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) patients with non-hematological malignancy are far less than with hematological malignancy patients. We encountered a very rare case of IPA in which type 1 diabetes was the only conceivable risk factor. Further, according to the diagnostic categories of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) criteria for IPA, the frequency of proven diagnosis is very low.

Spontaneous regression of primary endobronchial extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) of pulmonary origin is a relatively rare disease. In particular, reports of MALT lymphoma occurring and localized in the trachea or bronchus have been limited. Pulmonary MALT lymphoma has been reported to demonstrate spontaneous regression, whereas there is only one reported case of spontaneous regression of primary endobronchial MALT lymphoma.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis developing during steroid treatment in a patient with organizing pneumonia in association with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia.

Organizing pneumonia (OP) and pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) are rare complications in patients with hematologic disorders. We herein report a case of PAP that developed during steroid treatment for OP in a patient with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia. Physicians should pay close attention to these complications in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Pleuritis associated with primary Sjogren syndrome.

We herein present a case of a 71-year-old woman with primary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS), who developed bilateral pleural effusion and ground glass opacity during treatment with low-dose prednisolone. The pleural effusion and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed elevation of lymphocytes. Thoracoscopic pleural biopsy showed infiltration of lymphocytes with no evidence of other diseases, confirming SjS-related pleuritis.

Clinical features of usual interstitial pneumonia with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Background And Objective: Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA) is occasionally positive in patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). However, the differences from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF/UIP) have not been well documented. We aimed to clarify the clinical, radiological and pathological features of UIP associated with MPO-ANCA (ANCA/UIP).

Promising Effect of Crizotinib on Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in an Elderly Patient with a Poor Performance Status: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Crizotinib is highly effective for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it remains unclear whether crizotinib has a beneficial effect on elderly patients with ALK-positive NSCLC with a poor performance status (PS). We herein present the case of an 85-year-old man with stage IV ALK-positive NSCLC, whose PS score was 4 due to pericardial and pleural effusions.

[Clinical characteristics of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection complicated with lung cancer].

Objectives: The coexistence of lung cancer and pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection has not been well reported. This study illustrated the clinical characteristics of pulmonary MAC infections complicated with lung cancer.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of patients with pulmonary MAC infections complicated with newly diagnosed lung cancer between 2006 and 2012.

Neurally mediated syncope associated with small cell lung cancer: a case report and review.

We encountered a case of limited-disease small cell lung cancer with episodic syncope. The frequency of the syncopal attacks increased with the increase in the tumor size, thus a relationship was suspected to exist between the SCLC and syncope. Syncope was evaluated by history taking, 24-hour ECG monitoring, and coronary angiography.