β3-adrenergic agonist counters oxidative stress and Na-K pump inhibitory S-glutathionylation of placental cells: implications for preeclampsia.

Oxidative stress from placental ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in preeclampsia is accompanied by Na-K pump inhibition and S-glutathionylation of its β1 subunit (GSS-β1), a modification that inhibits the pump. β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) agonists can reverse GSS-β1. We examined the effects of the agonist CL316,243 on GSS-β1 and sources of H/R-induced oxidative stress in immortalized first-trimester human trophoblast (HTR-8/SVneo) and freshly isolated placental explants from normal-term pregnancies.

Effectiveness and evolution of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein titers after three doses of COVID-19 vaccination in people with HIV.

Background: Real-world vaccine effectiveness following the third dose of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 remains less investigated among people with HIV (PWH).

Methods: PWH receiving the third dose of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 (either 50- or 100-μg) were enrolled. Participants were followed for 180 days until the fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroconversion of anti-nucleocapsid IgG, death, or loss to follow-up.

Prediction of Surgical Outcome by Tumor Volume Doubling Time via Stereo Imaging Software in Early Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Volume doubling time (VDT) has been proven to be a powerful predictor of lung cancer progression. In non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving sublobar resection, the discussion of correlation between VDT and surgery was absent. We proposed to investigate the surgical outcomes according to VDT.

β3 adrenergic agonism: A novel pathway which improves right ventricular-pulmonary arterial hemodynamics in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Efficacy of therapies that target the downstream nitric oxide (NO) pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) depends on the bioavailability of NO. Reduced NO level in PAH is secondary to "uncoupling" of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Stimulation of β3 adrenergic receptors (β3 ARs) may lead to the recoupling of NOS and therefore be beneficial in PAH.

The diagnostic potential of oxidative stress biomarkers for preeclampsia: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Preeclampsia is a multifactorial cardiovascular disorder of pregnancy. If left untreated, it can lead to severe maternal and fetal outcomes. Hence, timely diagnosis and management of preeclampsia are extremely important.

Displacement of Native FXYD Protein From Na/K-ATPase With Novel FXYD Peptide Derivatives: Effects on Doxorubicin Cytotoxicity.

The seven mammalian FXYD proteins associate closely with α/β heterodimers of Na/K-ATPase. Most of them protect the β1 subunit against glutathionylation, an oxidative modification that destabilizes the heterodimer and inhibits Na/K-ATPase activity. A specific cysteine (Cys) residue of FXYD proteins is critical for such protection.

Comparing the Informativeness of Single-Word Samples and Connected Speech Samples in Assessing Speech Sound Disorders.

Purpose Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are faced with the challenge of quickly and accurately identifying children who present with speech sound disorders (SSD) compared to typically developing (TD) children. The goal of this study was to compare the clinical relevance of two speech sampling methods (single-word vs. connected speech samples) in how sensitive they are in detecting atypical speech sound development in children, and to know whether the information obtained from single-word samples is representative enough of children's overall speech sound performance.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrospinning of a Functionalizable, Polycaprolactone-Based Polyurethane for Soft Tissue Engineering.

We synthesized a biodegradable, elastomeric, and functionalizable polyurethane (PU) that can be electrospun for use as a scaffold in soft tissue engineering. The PU was synthesized from polycaprolactone diol, hexamethylene diisocyanate, and dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) chain extender using two-step polymerization and designated as PU-DMPA. A control PU using 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) as a chain extender was synthesized similarly and designated as PU-BDO.

FXYD1 Is Protective Against Vascular Dysfunction.

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[Reducing the Incidence of Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injuries in Surgical Intensive Care Unit].

Background & Problems: Patients with critical illnesses face an elevated risk of medical adhesive relation skin injuries (MARSI), which have negative, subsequent impacts on recovery and quality of healthcare.

Purpose: The aim of this project was to decrease the incidence of MARSI in the surgical intensive care unit and to improve the accuracy of MARSI preventive care implementation.

Resolutions: The intervention included the implementation of product-use cards, high-risk warning slogans, education programs, experience workshops, and a standard prevention-care protocol for MARSI.

S-glutathionylation of the Na+-K+ Pump: A Novel Redox Mechanism in Preeclampsia.

Context: Reduced Na+-K+ pump activity is widely reported in preeclampsia and may be caused by a reversible oxidative modification that is a novel pathological feature of preeclampsia.

Objective: This work aims to determine whether β 1 subunit (GSS-β 1) protein glutathionylation of the Na+-K + pump occurs in preeclampsia.

Methods: The GSS-β1 of the Na+-K+ pump and its subunit expression in human placentas were compared between women with healthy pregnancies and women with preeclampsia.

Targeting Cardiac Myocyte Na-K Pump Function With β3 Adrenergic Agonist in Rabbit Model of Severe Congestive Heart Failure.

Background: Abnormally high cytosolic Na concentrations in advanced heart failure impair myocardial contractility. Stimulation of the membrane Na-K pump should lower Na concentrations, and the β3 adrenoceptor (β3 AR) mediates pump stimulation in myocytes. We examined if β3 AR-selective agonists given in vivo increase myocyte Na-K pump activity and reverse organ congestion in severe heart failure (HF).

Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of leaves as a catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction.

In this study, biomimetic Mg-N -C from leaves were mixed with carbon black (L/C catalyst), in which the mixture was treated by a conventional microwave oven at 700 W and 2 min, exhibiting high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). By using a microwave-assisted process, it not only offers a cheaper and faster way to synthesize the catalyst compared to the conventional furnace process but also avoids the decomposition of the N-structure. Using the optimized conditions, the L/C catalyst exhibits an electron transfer number of 3.

Calcium deficient placental growth restriction is mediated by an increase in non-invasive integrin α5 and β4 phenotype.

Objectives: Integrins are cell adhesion receptors that participated in endovascular invasion by cytotrophoblasts in preeclampsia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of calcium on cellular pathways influencing the trophoblast integration into endothelial cellular networks in vitro.

Study Design: Red fluorescent-labelled human uterine myometrial microvascular endothelial cells (UtMVECs) were seeded on Matrigel.

Sigma-2 receptor/TMEM97 agonist PB221 as an alternative drug for brain tumor.

Background: There are limited effective drugs that can reach the brain to target brain tumors, in particular glioblastoma, which is one of the most difficult cancers to be cured from. Because the overexpression of the sigma-2 receptor is frequently reported in glioma clinical samples and associated with poor prognosis and malignancy, we herein studied the anti-tumor effect of the sigma-2 receptor agonist PB221 (4-cyclohexyl-1-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)propyl]piperidine) on an anaplastic astrocytoma tumor model based on previous encouraging results in pancreatic cancer and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells.

Methods: The expression of the sigma-2 receptor, transmembrane protein 97 (TMEM97), in ALTS1C1 and UN-KC6141 cell lines was measured by RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR.

Maslinic Acid Enhances Immune Responses in Leukemic Mice Through Macrophage Phagocytosis and Natural Killer Cell Activities .

Background/aim: Maslinic acid (MA), a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from wax-like coatings of olives, has been shown to reduce cancer cell number through induction of autophagy and apoptosis in many human cancer cells including human leukemia HL-60 cells. In the present study, we investigated whether or not MA affects immune responses in a leukemia mouse model.

Materials And Methods: WEHI-3 cells were intraperitonealIy (i.

Lauryl Gallate Induces Apoptotic Cell Death through Caspase-dependent Pathway in U87 Human Glioblastoma Cells .

Background/aim: The treatment of human glioma tumor is still an unmet medical need. Natural products are always promising resources for discovery of anticancer drugs. Lauryl gallate (LG) is one of the derivatives of gallic acid, widely present in plants, that has been shown to induce anticancer activities in many human cancer cell lines; however, it has not been studied in human glioma cell lines.

Glutathionylation-Dependence of Na(+)-K(+)-Pump Currents Can Mimic Reduced Subsarcolemmal Na(+) Diffusion.

The existence of a subsarcolemmal space with restricted diffusion for Na(+) in cardiac myocytes has been inferred from a transient peak electrogenic Na(+)-K(+) pump current beyond steady state on reexposure of myocytes to K(+) after a period of exposure to K(+)-free extracellular solution. The transient peak current is attributed to enhanced electrogenic pumping of Na(+) that accumulated in the diffusion-restricted space during pump inhibition in K(+)-free extracellular solution. However, there are no known physical barriers that account for such restricted Na(+) diffusion, and we examined if changes of activity of the Na(+)-K(+) pump itself cause the transient peak current.

β3 Adrenergic Stimulation Restores Nitric Oxide/Redox Balance and Enhances Endothelial Function in Hyperglycemia.

Background: Perturbed balance between NO and O2 (•-). (ie, NO/redox imbalance) is central in the pathobiology of diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. We examined whether stimulation of β3 adrenergic receptors (β3 ARs), coupled to endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation, would re-establish NO/redox balance, relieve oxidative inhibition of the membrane proteins eNOS and Na(+)-K(+) (NK) pump, and improve vascular function in a new animal model of hyperglycemia.

Silencing overexpression of FXYD3 protein in breast cancer cells amplifies effects of doxorubicin and γ-radiation on Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and cell survival.

FXYD3, also known as mammary tumor protein 8, is overexpressed in several common cancers, including in many breast cancers. We examined if such overexpression might protect Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and cancer cells against the high levels of oxidative stress characteristic of many tumors and often induced by cancer treatments. We measured FXYD3 expression, Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity and glutathionylation of the β1 subunit of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits the ATPase, in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells.