Predicting the T790M mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using brain metastasis MR radiomics: a study with an imbalanced dataset.

Background: Early detection of T790M mutation in exon 20 of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastasis is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. In this study, we developed radiomics models to distinguish NSCLC patients with T790M-positive mutations from those with T790M-negative mutations using multisequence MR images of brain metastasis despite an imbalanced dataset. Various resampling techniques and classifiers were employed to identify the most effective strategy.

The Application of DTCWT on MRI-Derived Radiomics for Differentiation of Glioblastoma and Solitary Brain Metastases.

Background: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of patients with brain tumors, it may still be challenging to differentiate glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from solitary brain metastasis (SBM) due to their similar imaging features. This study aimed to evaluate the features extracted of dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) from routine MRI protocol for preoperative differentiation of glioblastoma (GBM) and solitary brain metastasis (SBM).

Methods: A total of 51 patients were recruited, including 27 GBM and 24 SBM patients.

Impact of smoking cessation on clinical outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving curative chemoradiotherapy: A prospective study.

Background: We hypothesized that patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with smoking cessation during curative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) had fewer complications and lower tumor progression risks.

Methods: Sixty-three patients with nonmetastatic HNSCC who were smokers at diagnosis (carbon monoxide [CO] breath concentrations ≥3 ppm) and underwent curative CRT were prospectively enrolled. Successful smoking cessation throughout CRT was confirmed by CO breath concentrations <3 ppm at CRT completion.

Good tolerance and long-term complete remission after definitive intensity-modulated radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A case report and literature review.

Background: The main concerns with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients include limited tumor response and profound mucosal or skin toxicities under severe immunocompromised status.

Methods: In this study, we describe the clinicopathological features, chronological changes in HIV viral loads and CD4 counts, and treatment outcomes of definitive radiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer in an HIV-infected patient.

Results: Despite low CD4 counts (80 cells/µL), a combination of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (70 Gy of simultaneously integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), fluorouracil, and leucovorin) was well-tolerated.