Background: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) activation by monosodium urate crystals (MSU) is crucial to acute gouty arthritis and subsequent spontaneous remission within 7-10 days. Activated PMNs release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that entrap MSU crystals, forming NET-MSU aggregates. Whether NET-MSU aggregates contribute to the resolution of acute inflammation remains to be elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) among reducing sugars (glucose, fructose, galactose, or ribose) and amino acids/proteins via non-enzymatic Maillard reaction can be found in lifestyle-related disease (LSRD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and obesity and immune-related diseases. Increased serum levels of AGEs may induce aging, diabetic complications, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases (NDD), cancer, and inflamm-aging (inflammation with immunosenescence). The Maillard reaction can also occur among reducing sugars and lipoproteins or DNAs to alter their structure and induce immunogenicity/genotoxicity for carcinogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe complications in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Traditionally, LN is regarded as an immune complex (IC) deposition disease led by dsDNA-anti-dsDNA-complement interactions in the subendothelial and/or subepithelial basement membrane of glomeruli to cause inflammation. The activated complements in the IC act as chemoattractants to chemically attract both innate and adaptive immune cells to the kidney tissues, causing inflammatory reactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are commonly found in the patients with Diabetes mellitus (DM), aging-related diseases, and immune-mediated diseases. These diseases are notorious for vasculopathy, immune dysfunctions, and low-grade inflammation mimicking inflamm-aging. However, the molecular basis of inflamm-aging related to AGEs remains elucidation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study examined autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) perturbations in synovial monocytes/macrophages from patients with gouty arthritis (GA) and the associations of ALP perturbations with cell death. Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) and synovial tissues (STs) from patients with GA, as well as monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-exposed macrophages, underwent immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence analyses of markers linked to the ALP (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B [LC3B], p62, cathepsin D [CTSD], and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 [LAMP2]) and cell death (caspase-3). GA STs underwent immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses to determine the distributions of LC3B-positive autophagosomes and macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhile genetic analyses have revealed ~100 risk loci associated with osteoarthritis (OA), only eight have been linked to hand OA. Besides, these studies were performed in predominantly European and Caucasian ancestries. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study in the Han Chinese population to identify genetic variations associated with the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinician bias is a contributor to health care inequities, but research on racial-ethnic bias among mental health professionals, especially toward minoritized youths, is limited. This column describes two studies involving mental health clinicians in schools, where most youths access mental health services. Study 1 used a mixed-methods approach to identify stereotypes about Black and Latinx youths salient to clinicians (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
March 2022
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cells in the circulation. These cells act as the fast and powerful defenders against environmental pathogenic microbes to protect the body. In addition, these innate inflammatory cells can produce a number of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors for actively participating in the immune network and immune homeostasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Dev Biol
January 2022
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or radiographic axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic immune-mediated rheumatic disorder characterized by the inflammation in the axial skeleton, peripheral joints, and soft tissues (enthesis, fascia, and ligament). In addition, the extra-skeletal complications including anterior uveitis, interstitial lung diseases and aortitis are found. The pathogenesis of AS implicates an intricate interaction among HLA (HLA-B27) and non-HLA loci [endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (), and interleukin-23 receptor (), gut dysbiosis, immune plasticity, and numerous environmental factors (infections, heavy metals, stress, cigarette smoking, etc.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
January 2022
Clinician bias has been identified as a potential contributor to persistent healthcare disparities across many medical specialties and service settings. Few studies have examined strategies to reduce clinician bias, especially in mental healthcare, despite decades of research evidencing service and outcome disparities in adult and pediatric populations. This manuscript describes an intervention development study and a pilot feasibility trial of the Virtual Implicit Bias Reduction and Neutralization Training (VIBRANT) for mental health clinicians in schools-where most youth in the U.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic connective tissue disorder characterized by immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, and progressive tissue fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Moreover, increased cancer incidence and accelerated aging are also found. The increased cancer incidence is believed to be a result of chromosome instability.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant white blood cell in the circulation capable of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation after stimulation. Both NADPH oxidase-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in NET formation. The IgG is the most abundant immunoglobulin in human serum.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
May 2021
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a typical autoimmune-mediated rheumatic disease presenting as a chronic synovitis in the joint. The chronic synovial inflammation is characterized by hyper-vascularity and extravasation of various immune-related cells to form lymphoid aggregates where an intimate cross-talk among innate and adaptive immune cells takes place. These interactions facilitate production of abundant proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and growth factors for the proliferation/maturation/differentiation of B lymphocytes to become plasma cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
March 2021
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are traditionally regarded as professional phagocytic and acute inflammatory cells that engulf the microbial pathogens. However, accumulating data have suggested that PMNs are multi-potential cells exhibiting many important biological functions in addition to phagocytosis. These newly found novel activities of PMN include production of different kinds of cytokines/chemokines/growth factors, release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET)/ectosomes/exosomes and trogocytosis (membrane exchange) with neighboring cells for modulating innate, and adaptive immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe term trogocytosis refers to a rapid bidirectional and active transfer of surface membrane fragment and associated proteins between cells. The trogocytosis requires cell-cell contact, and exhibits fast kinetics and the limited lifetime of the transferred molecules on the surface of the acceptor cells. The biological actions of trogocytosis include information exchange, cell clearance of unwanted tissues in embryonic development, immunoregulation, cancer surveillance/evasion, allogeneic cell survival and infectious pathogen killing or intercellular transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex systemic autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations. A diverse innate and adaptive immune dysregulation is involved in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. The dysregulation of immune-related cells may derive from the intricate interactions among genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and immunological factors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are generated by nonenzymatic modifications of macromolecules (proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) by saccharides (glucose, fructose, and pentose) via Maillard reaction. The formed AGE molecules can be catabolized and cleared by glyoxalase I and II in renal proximal tubular cells. AGE-related diseases include physiological aging, neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, autoimmune/rheumatic inflammatory diseases, bone-degenerative diseases, and chronic renal diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a spectrum of complex fibroinflammatory disorder with protean manifestations mimicking malignant neoplasms, infectious or non-infectious inflammatory process. The histopathologic features of IgG4-RD include lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis together with increased in situ infiltration of IgG4 bearing-plasma cells which account for more than 40% of all IgG-producing B cells. IgG4-RD can also be diagnosed based on an elevated serum IgG4 level of more than 110 mg/dL (normal < 86.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-system autoimmune disease with tissue fibrosis prominent in the skin and lung. In this review, we briefly describe the autoimmune features (mainly autoantibody production and cytokine profiles) and the potential pathogenic contributors including genetic/epigenetic predisposition, and environmental factors. We look in detail at the cellular and molecular bases underlying tissue-fibrosis which include trans-differentiation of fibroblasts (FBs) to myofibroblasts (MFBs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) on hemolytic anemia (HA) is unknown. Therefore we retrospectively analyze the efficacy and safety of RTX in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) from the previous literature.
Methods: Data in clinical trials and observational studies were collected from PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar until Oct 15, 2018.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype of systemic autoimmune disease involving almost every organ. Polygenic predisposition and complicated epigenetic regulations are the upstream factors to elicit its development. Mitochondrial dysfunction-provoked oxidative stress may also play a crucial role in it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an archetype of systemic autoimmune disease, characterized by the presence of diverse autoantibodies and chronic inflammation. There are multiple factors involved in lupus pathogenesis, including genetic/epigenetic predisposition, sexual hormone imbalance, environmental stimulants, mental/psychological stresses, and undefined events. Recently, many authors noted that "inflammaging", consisting of immunosenescence and inflammation, is a common feature in aging people and patients with SLE.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvanced glycation end products (AGE), the most known aging biomarker, may cause "inflamm-aging" (i.e., chronic low-grade inflammation that develops with aging) in both aged and diabetes groups.
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