Compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB), the "dark" facet of organizational citizenship behavior, typically embodies good citizenship behavior within an organization. This study aimed to examine how employees' compelled engagement in extraneous role behaviors diminishes their spouses' well-being through complaints. Specifically, this study developed and evaluated a moderated mediation model in which employee mindfulness moderates the pathway from complaints to spousal well-being.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBy collimating the single-mode (SM) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) at 850 nm with either the OM4 multi-mode fiber (OM4-MMF) or the graded-index single-mode fiber (GI-SMF) with lensed end-face, the directly encoded non-return-to-zero on-off keying (NRZ-OOK) data transmission performance is characterized when tilting the coupling angle with respect to the surface normal of the SM-VCSEL. In comparison with the lensed OM4-MMF and lensed SMF coupling, the lensed OM4-MMF collimator shows a large coupling angle tolerance with the coupling efficiency only degraded by 5% when enlarging the tilted angle from 0° to 10°. In contrast, the lensed GI-SMF collimator attenuates the coupled SM-VCSEL output by more than 50% when tilting the coupling angle up to 10°.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmployees view compulsory citizenship behavior (CCB) as concessionary behavior they undertake because of pressure exerted by their organizations. This study applies affective events theory to CCB-workplace deviance relationships, and impression management theory to CCB-facades of conformity relationships, to posit that employee emotional exhaustion is an essential mediating factor that effectively explains how CCB contributes to workplace deviance and facades of conformity. This study utilizes two mediation models to investigate whether employees' CCBs are positively related to their work deviance and false behavior, and how emotional exhaustion mediates those relationships.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe cognitive map is often assumed to be a Euclidean map that isometrically represents the real world (i.e., the Euclidean distance between any two locations in the physical world should be preserved on the cognitive map).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn order to reduce the cost for delivering future broadband services, network operators are inclined to simplify the network architectures by integrating the metro and access networks into a single system. Hence, extended reach passive optical networks (ER-PONs) have been proposed. ER-PON usually has four new features: high data rate in both upstream and downstream signals (>1 Gb/s); reach extension to >100 km; a high split ratio (>100); and using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
View Article and Find Full Text PDF