The irregular breathing effect on target volume and coverage for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy.

The major challenge in treating a mobile target is obtaining the temporal and spatial information imaging and treatment details. This phantom study quantitatively evaluates the geometric and dosimetric effects of various treatment techniques under different respiratory patterns. The regular motion model was a sinusoidal waveform with a longitudinal range of ±1.

Memantine Attenuates Delayed Vasospasm after Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage via Modulating Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase.

Delayed cerebral vasospasm is an important pathological feature of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The cause of vasospasm is multifactorial. Impairs nitric oxide availability and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysfunction has been reported to underlie vasospasm.

Stroke suggests increased risk of dementia.

Background: Stroke is a major cause of disability in the elderly and considerably increases the risk of dementia, which is another important source of disability. This population-based study aimed to examine the risk of dementia in patients with stroke compared with non-stroke cases with similar comorbidities.

Methods: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance databank covering the period 2001-2007, this retrospective cohort study evaluated the risk of dementia in 10,884 patients with first stroke who had no history of dementia.

Memantine alleviates brain injury and neurobehavioral deficits after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes brain injury via glutamate excitotoxicity, which leads to an excessive Ca(2+) influx and this starts an apoptotic cascade. Memantine has been proven to reduce brain injury in several types of brain insults. This study investigated the neuro-protective potential of memantine after SAH and explored the underlying mechanisms.

Blood-brain barrier disruption with focused ultrasound enhances delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs for glioblastoma treatment.

Purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of using focused ultrasound to enhance delivery of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) to glioblastomas in rats with induced tumors and determine if such an approach increases treatment efficacy.

Materials And Methods: All animal experiments were approved by the animal committee and adhered to the experimental animal care guidelines. A 400-kHz focused ultrasound generator was used to transcranially disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rat brains by delivering burst-tone ultrasound energy in the presence of microbubbles.

Opening of the blood-brain barrier by low-frequency (28-kHz) ultrasound: a novel pinhole-assisted mechanical scanning device.

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may be transiently achieved via high-frequency focused spherical ultrasound in the presence of microbubbles. In this experimental animal study, we sought to determine whether focal reversible opening of the BBB may be achieved using low-frequency (i.e.