Universal relation between the conditional auto-correlation function and the cross-correlation function of biphotons.

We systematically studied the relation between the conditional auto-correlation function (CACF) and cross-correlation function (CCF) of biphotons or pairs of single photons. The biphotons were generated from a heated atomic vapor via the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process. In practical usage, one single photon of a pair is utilized as the heralding photon, and another is employed as the heralded photon.

Effect of Cu Film Thickness on Cu Bonding Quality and Bonding Mechanism.

In the hybrid bonding process, the final stage of chemical mechanical polishing plays a critical role. It is essential to ensure that the copper surface is recessed slightly from the oxide surface. However, this recess can lead to the occurrence of interfacial voids between the bonded copper interfaces.

Experimental Demonstration of Stationary Dark-State Polaritons Dressed by Dipole-Dipole Interaction.

Dark-state polaritons (DSPs) based on the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency are bosonic quasiparticles, representing the superpositions of photons and atomic ground-state coherences. It has been proposed that stationary DSPs are governed by the equation of motion closely similar to the Schrödinger equation and can be employed to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) with transition temperature orders of magnitude higher than that of the atomic BEC. The stationary-DSP BEC is a three-dimensional system and has a far longer lifetime than the exciton-polariton BEC.

Serotypes, virulence factors and multilocus sequence typing of from diseased pigs in Taiwan.

Background: () belongs to the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract in the swine, but virulent strains can cause systemic infections commonly known as Glässer's disease that leads to significant economic loss in the swine industry. Fifteen serotypes of have been classified by gel immunodiffusion test while the molecular serotyping based on variation within the capsule loci have further improved the serotype determination of unidentified field strains. Serovar has been commonly used as an indicator of virulence; however, virulence can be significantly differ in the field isolates with the same serotype.

Association Between Magnitude of Differential Blood Pressure Reduction and Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Meta-analysis and Meta-Regression.

Importance: The degree to which more intensive blood pressure reduction is better than less intensive for secondary stroke prevention has not been delineated.

Objective: To perform a standard meta-analysis and a meta-regression of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the association of magnitude of differential blood pressure reduction and recurrent stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.

Targeting the Phosphatidylserine-Immune Checkpoint with a Small-Molecule Maytansinoid Conjugate.

Ligand-targeting drug delivery systems have made significant strides for disease treatments with numerous clinical approvals in this era of precision medicine. Herein, we report a class of small molecule-based immune checkpoint-targeting maytansinoid conjugates. From the ligand targeting ability, pharmacokinetics profiling, anti-pancreatic cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, and sorafenib-resistant liver cancer efficacies with quantitative mRNA analysis of treated-tumor tissues, we demonstrated that conjugate not only induced lasting regression of tumor growth, but it also rejuvenated the once immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to an "inflamed hot tumor" with significant elevation of gene expressions that were not accessible in the vehicle-treated tumor.

Feasibility and Potential Effects of Robot-Assisted Passive Range of Motion Training in Combination with Conventional Rehabilitation on Hand Function in Patients with Chronic Stroke.

Objective: To assess the effects of exoskeleton robot-assisted passive range of motion for induction training in combination with conventional hand rehabilitation in patients with chronic stroke.

Design: Single-cohort feasibility study.

Subjects: Chronic stroke with severe upper extremity hemiparesis.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Small Molecule Drug Conjugates Harnessing Thioester-Linked Maytansinoids.

Ligand-targeting drug conjugates are a class of clinically validated biopharmaceutical drugs constructed by conjugating cytotoxic drugs with specific disease antigen targeting ligands through appropriate linkers. The integrated linker-drug motif embedded within such a system can prevent the premature release during systemic circulation, thereby allowing the targeting ligand to engage with the disease antigen and selective accumulation. We have designed and synthesized new thioester-linked maytansinoid conjugates.

Metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug vs. metformin monotherapy for untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aims: The aim of the meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to compare the effectiveness of glycemic control and hypoglycemia risk of combination therapy (metformin plus a low hypoglycemic risk antidiabetic drug) vs. standard metformin monotherapy, in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through October 31, 2021 to find relevant RCTs.

Respiratory Arousals in Patients with Very Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea and How They Change after a Non-Framework Surgery.

Respiratory arousal is the change from a state of sleep to a state of wakefulness following an apnea or hypopnea. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), it could have a helpful role to activate upper airway muscles and the resumption of airflow and an opposing role to contribute to greater ventilatory instability, continue cycling, and likely exacerbate OSA. Patients with very severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 60 events/h) may have specific chemical (e.

Ultrasound in postresuscitation care: a narrative review.

The efficacy of ultrasound (US) in real-time differential diagnosis and guiding further treatment decisions has been well demonstrated in prearrest conditions and during resuscitation. Evidence is limited regarding the application of US in postresuscitation care. Most of the patients following resuscitation remain comatose, and the requirement for transportation to other examination rooms increases their risk of injury.

Click Chemistry and Multicomponent Reaction for Linker Diversification of Zinc Dipicolylamine-Based Drug Conjugates.

An efficient Ugi multicomponent reaction with strain promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition protocol has been utilized in concert or independently to prepare a small family of bioactive zinc(II) dipicolylamine (ZnDPA)-based SN-38 conjugates. With sequential click chemistry coupling between the cytotoxic payload and phosphatidylserine-targeting ZnDPA ligand derived from structurally diverse carboxylic acids, aldehyde or ketones, and isocyanides, we demonstrated that this convergent synthetic strategy could furnish conjugates harnessing diversified linkers that exhibited different pharmacokinetic profiles in systemic circulation . Among the eight new conjugates, comparative studies on cytotoxicities, plasma stabilities, pharmacokinetic properties, and maximum tolerated doses were then carried out to identify a potent ZnDPA-based SN-38 conjugate that resulted in pancreatic cancer growth regression with an 80% reduction of cytotoxic payload used when compared to that of the marketed irinotecan.

Association Between Intensity of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction With Statin-Based Therapies and Secondary Stroke Prevention: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Importance: The benefits and risks associated with intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering statin-based therapies to lessen the risk of recurrent stroke have not been established.

Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the association of more intensive vs less intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies with outcomes for patients with ischemic stroke.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.

Negative impact of the hypopnea index or duration increase after a non-frame work surgery in patients with very severe obstructive sleep apnea.

A non-framework surgery could change the postoperative components of breathing disturbances and increase the frequency or duration of hypopnea in patients with very severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Either an increase of hypopnea index, which increases apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or an increase of its duration raises the concern of worsening the oxygen desaturation and so morbidity and mortality associated with OSA. It is unclear how the oxygen saturation would change in those having increased frequency or duration of hypopneas after the surgery.

[Factors Influencing Patient Decisions Regarding Cancer Clinical Trial Participation: A Systematic Review].

Background: Cancer is the top cause of death in Taiwan. Cancer clinical trials are crucial for developing new treatments. Understanding the motivations and barriers related to the factors of influence on patient decisions regarding participation in cancer clinical trials may help clinical researchers improve patients' understanding of clinical trials and improve their ability to make autonomous decisions regarding informed consent.

The Beneficial Effects of Combining Anti-Aβ Antibody NP106 and Curcumin Analog TML-6 on the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease in APP/PS1 Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a multifactorial etiology. A multitarget treatment that modulates multifaceted biological functions might be more effective than a single-target approach. Here, the therapeutic efficacy of combination treatment using anti-Aβ antibody NP106 and curcumin analog TML-6 versus monotherapy was investigated in an APP/PS1 mouse model of AD.

Associations between urinary cysteine-rich protein 61 excretion and kidney function decline in outpatients with chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study in Taiwan.

Objectives: To examine whether urinary excretion of cysteine-rich protein 61 (Cyr61), an acknowledged proinflammatory factor in kidney pathologies, increases in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with subsequent rapid kidney function decline.

Design: An observational cohort study.

Setting: In the nephrology outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital in Taiwan.

Effects of long-term anti-seizure medication monotherapy on all-cause death in patients with post-stroke epilepsy: a nationwide population-based study in Taiwan.

Objective: We aim to compare the effect of long-term anti-seizure medication (ASM) monotherapy on the risk of death and new ischemic stroke in patients with post-stroke epilepsy (PSE).

Patients And Methods: We identified all hospitalized patients (≥ 20 years) with a primary diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke from 2001 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The PSE cohort were defined as the stroke patients (1) who had no epilepsy and no ASMs use before the index stroke, and (2) who had epilepsy and ASMs use after 14 days from the stroke onset.

Generation of sub-MHz and spectrally-bright biphotons from hot atomic vapors with a phase mismatch-free scheme.

We utilized the all-copropagating scheme, which maintains the phase-match condition, in the spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process to generate biphotons from a hot atomic vapor. The linewidth and spectral brightness of our biphotons surpass those of the biphotons produced with the hot-atom SFWM in the previous works. Moreover, the generation rate of the sub-MHz biphoton source in this work can also compete with those of the sub-MHz biphoton sources of the cold-atom SFWM or cavity-assisted spontaneous parametric down conversion.

The risk of cardiac mortality in patients with status epilepticus: A 10-year study using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

Objective: To explore whether status epilepticus affected cardiac mortality.

Methods: We used the 2008-2017 multicause mortality data of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiological Research. The status epilepticus group included patients whose death certificates mentioned status epilepticus as contributing to death.

Risk of Cardiac Morbidities and Sudden Death in Patients With Epilepsy and No History of Cardiac Disease: A Population-Based Nationwide Study.

Objective: To investigate the impact of epilepsy on secondary cardiac morbidities and sudden death in patients with epilepsy.

Patients And Methods: The present cohort study evaluated data obtained from a subset of adult patients listed in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis code of epilepsy from January 1, 1997, to December 31, 2013; the date of epilepsy diagnosis or antiepilepsy drug prescription was defined as the index date. Patients with cardiac disease prior to the index date were excluded, and the remaining patients were categorized into epilepsy and nonepilepsy groups.

BPRDP056, a novel small molecule drug conjugate specifically targeting phosphatidylserine for cancer therapy.

Zinc(II)-dipicolylamine (Zn-DPA) has been shown to specifically identify and bind to phosphatidylserine (PS), which exists in bulk in the tumor microenvironment. BPRDP056, a Zn-DPA-SN38 conjugate was designed to provide PS-targeted drug delivery of a cytotoxic SN38 to the tumor microenvironment, thereby allowing a lower dosage of SN38 that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Micro-Western assay showed that BPRDP056 exhibited apoptotic signal levels similar to those of CPT-11 in the treated tumors growing in mice.

Osteoporosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A Systemic Review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with the development of mineral bone disorder (MBD), osteoporosis, and fragility fractures. Among CKD patients, adynamic bone disease or low bone turnover is the most common type of renal osteodystrophy. The consequences of CKD-MBD include increased fracture risk, greater morbidity, and mortality.