Using Group History-Taking and Individual Reasoning to Identify Shortcomings in Clinical Reasoning for Medical Students.

Objective: It is crucial that teaching faculties determine and remain informed of medical school learners' clinical reasoning competence. We created an innovative assessment method for fourth-year medical students to identify deficiencies in various components of their clinical reasoning ability.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of fourth-year medical students' reasoning assessments from 2019 to 2022.

CA125 for the Diagnosis of Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is the second most common genitourinary cancer. This study aims to assess the diagnostic accuracy of CA125 in advanced UCB.

Methods: We searched prevalent studies in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, the Web of Science China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang data before October 2022.

Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Herpes Zoster: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Context: Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to various infections.

Objective: We estimated the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) among individuals with DM compared with individuals in the general population.

Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PerioPath databases from their inception to January 30, 2021, for studies on the risk of HZ in individuals with DM.

Creating and controlling visual environments using BonVision.

Real-time rendering of closed-loop visual environments is important for next-generation understanding of brain function and behaviour, but is often prohibitively difficult for non-experts to implement and is limited to few laboratories worldwide. We developed BonVision as an easy-to-use open-source software for the display of virtual or augmented reality, as well as standard visual stimuli. BonVision has been tested on humans and mice, and is capable of supporting new experimental designs in other animal models of vision.

Association of diabetes, education level, and care dependency with use of temporary vascular access in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Objective: Temporary vascular access (TVA) is frequently used during the first dialysis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is associated with an increased risk of infection, central vein stenosis, and mortality. Here, factors associated with TVA in patients with CKD were explored.

Methods: This study included patients in a single-center CKD care program who initiated long-term renal replacement therapy.

jYCaMP: an optimized calcium indicator for two-photon imaging at fiber laser wavelengths.

Femtosecond lasers at fixed wavelengths above 1,000 nm are powerful, stable and inexpensive, making them promising sources for two-photon microscopy. Biosensors optimized for these wavelengths are needed for both next-generation microscopes and affordable turn-key systems. Here we report jYCaMP1, a yellow variant of the calcium indicator jGCaMP7 that outperforms its parent in mice and flies at excitation wavelengths above 1,000 nm and enables improved two-color calcium imaging with red fluorescent protein-based indicators.

Artificial Induction of Associative Olfactory Memory by Optogenetic and Thermogenetic Activation of Olfactory Sensory Neurons and Octopaminergic Neurons in Drosophila Larvae.

The larval brain of Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent system for the study of the neurocircuitry mechanism of memory. Recent development of neurogenetic techniques in fruit flies enables manipulations of neuronal activities in freely behaving animals. This protocol describes detailed steps for artificial induction of olfactory associative memory in Drosophila larvae.

Distribution and hosts of arsenic in a sediment core from the Chianan Plain in SW Taiwan: Implications on arsenic primary source and release mechanisms.

High arsenic abundance of 50-700μg/L in the groundwater from the Chianan Plain in southwestern Taiwan is a well-known environmental hazard. The groundwater-associated sediments, however, have not been geochemically characterized, thus hindering a comprehensive understanding of arsenic cycling in this region. In this study, samples collected from a 250m sediment core at the centre of the Chianan Plain were analyzed for arsenic and TOC concentrations (N=158), constituent minerals (N=25), major element abundances (N=105), and sequential arsenic extraction (N=23).

A comparative study on arsenic and humic substances in alluvial aquifers of Bengal delta plain (NW Bangladesh), Chianan plain (SW Taiwan) and Lanyang plain (NE Taiwan): implication of arsenic mobilization mechanisms.

Humic substances in groundwater and aquifer sediments from the arsenicosis and Blackfoot disease (BFD) affected areas in Bangladesh (Bengal delta plain) and Taiwan (Lanyang plain and Chianan plain) were characterized using fluorescence spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the mean concentration of As and relative intensity of fluorescent humic substances are higher in the Chianan plain groundwater than those in the Lanyang plain and Bengal delta plain groundwater. The mean As concentrations in Bengal delta plain, Chianan plain, and Lanyang plain are 50.

Expression of SRY proteins in both normal and sex-reversed XY fetal mouse gonads.

Sry, a single-copy gene on the Y-chromosome, acts dominantly to trigger differentiation of a testis from a gonadal primordium that otherwise develops into an ovary in mammals. Sry encodes a protein with a DNA-binding domain and probably acts as a transcription factor. However, the mode of SRY action in testis determination remains largely unknown.