COMPLEX MACULAR HOLE CLOSURE BY TEMPORAL INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP WITHOUT ENDOTAMPONADE.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, and imaging features of a novel surgical technique without endotamponade in repairing complex macular hole (MH).

Methods: Retrospective review of consecutive cases with complex MH underwent pars plana vitrectomy with temporal internal limiting membrane flap, which was stabilized using perfluorocarbon liquid and viscoelastics. At the conclusion of surgery, perfluorocarbon liquid was removed, and no endotamponade agent would be used.

Improved accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography for monitoring myopic macular neovascularisation activity.

Background/aims: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) combined with OCT angiography (OCTA) for myopic myopic macular neovascularisation (MNV) activity.

Methods: Both eyes of patients with myopic MNV diagnosed with fluorescein angiography (FA), SD OCT and OCTA were assessed by unmasked investigators. The images were deidentified and randomised before graded by masked investigators, who determined the presence of active myopic MNV by using SD OCT together with OCTA without FA and by FA alone, respectively.

Displacement of Submacular Hemorrhage Using Subretinal Cocktail Injection versus Pneumatic Displacement: A Real-World Comparative Study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to compare the outcome of submacular hemorrhage (SMH) displacement using pneumatic displacement with intravitreal expansile gas versus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent, and air as primary surgery.

Methods: Retrospective interventional case series of 63 patients who underwent surgical displacement of SMH secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from May 1, 2015, to October 31, 2022. Medical records were reviewed for diagnosis, logMAR visual acuity (VA), central subfield thickness (CST), and postoperative displacement rates and complications up to 12 months after operation.

Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Brolucizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration From Major Studies and Real-World Data.

Frequent antivascular endothelial growth factor injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) often lead to poor compliance and suboptimal outcomes. A longer-acting agent has been a pressing unmet need until recently. Brolucizumab, an antivascular endothelial growth factor agent, is a single-chain antibody fragment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 8, 2019, for treating nAMD.

Performance, safety and efficiency comparison between 10,000 and 5000 cuts per minute vitrectomy using a 25G cutter: a prospective randomized controlled study.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the performance of the 25+® UltraVit® 5000 cuts per minute (cpm) vitrectomy probe versus the 25+ ® Ultravit 10,000 cpm® beveled tip, dual drive vitrectomy probe.

Method: In this prospective randomised controlled clinical trial, 52 eyes of 52 consecutive patients were randomized into either the 10,000 cpm (25 patients) or 5000 cpm vitrectomy group (27 patients). Patients were evaluated preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively on the first day, and at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months.

Case Report: Retinal Vasculitis in Two Adolescents After COVID-19 Vaccination.

Purpose: To report two cases of bilateral retinal vasculitis in adolescents following COVID-19 vaccination.

Study Design: Case report.

Results:  We report the first two cases of retinal vasculitis in adolescents following COVID-19 vaccinations.

Massive retinal infiltrates as the presenting sign of chronic myeloid leukemia: Clinical and imaging features of leukemic retinopathy.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of two cases with bilateral diffuse retinal infiltrates as the only presenting feature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) on initial diagnosis and upon relapse.

Methods: We reported two patients with CML, one at initial diagnosis and one in remission who presented with bilateral subacute visual impairment. Fundal examination revealed bilateral symmetrical leukostatic appearance with increased vascular tortuosity, diffuse retinal infiltrates with size up to 6 disk diameters, retinal hemorrhages, and Roth's spots.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Compared with Multimodal Imaging for Diagnosing Neovascular Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) compared with multimodal imaging for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) eyes and to determine the features that predicted CNV.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Consecutive CSC patients were recruited from retina clinic.

Novel Technique for 27-Gauge Forceps-Assisted Transscleral Refixation of the Dislocated CZ70BD Intraocular Lens.

Purpose: To report a novel technique for refixation of the dislocated CZ70BD intraocular lens.

Methods: Posterior vitrectomy is performed with a 23-gauge or 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy system with chandelier illumination. One needle of a double-arm 9-0 prolene needle is passed through the sclera 1.

Ophthalmology in the time of COVID-19: experience from Hong Kong Eye Hospital.

Aim: To review international guidelines and to share our infection control experience during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic at a tertiary eye centre in Hong Kong.

Methods: Infection control guidelines and recommendations from international ophthalmological bodies are reviewed and discussed. The measures at our hospital were drawn up as per international and local health authorities' guidelines and implemented with the collaboration of doctors, nurses and administrative staff.

Review of Small Gauge Vitrectomy: Progress and Innovations.

To summarise the surgical advances and evolution of small gauge vitrectomy and discuss its principles and application in modern vitreoretinal surgery. The advent of microincisional vitrectomy systems (MIVS) has created a paradigm shift away from twenty-gauge vitrectomy systems, which have been the gold standard in the surgical management of vitreoretinal diseases for over thirty years. Advances in biomedical engineering and surgical techniques have overcome the technical hurdles of shifting to smaller gauge instrumentation and sutureless surgery, improving surgical capabilities and expanding the indications for MIVS.

Classification of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration With Pachyvessels on En Face Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify exudative maculopathy by the presence of pachyvessels on en face swept-source optical coherence tomography (SSOCT).

Methods: Consecutive patients with signs of exudative maculopathy underwent SSOCT, fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), ultra-widefield fundus color photography, and autofluorescence examinations. Images were analyzed in a masked fashion by two sets of four examiners in different sessions: (1) the presence of pachyvessels in en face OCT and (2) features of exudative maculopathy in conventional imaging modalities.

Choroidal structures in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, neovascular age-related maculopathy, and healthy eyes determined by binarization of swept source optical coherence tomographic images.

Purpose: To evaluate quantitatively the choroidal vascularity in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients compared to healthy controls.

Methods: All eyes underwent swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT), and choroidal images were binarized into blood vessels lumen and stroma. The choroidal vascular index (CVI) was defined as the ratio of luminal area (LA) over total choroidal area of the subfoveal region with a width of 1500 μm.

The cytotoxic mechanisms of disulfiram and copper(ii) in cancer cells.

The anticancer activity of disulfiram (DS) is copper(ii) (Cu)-dependent. This study investigated the anticancer mechanisms of DS/Cu using cytotoxicity and metabolic kinetic analysis. Our study indicates that DS/Cu targets cancer cells by the combination of two types of actions: (1) instant killing executed by DS/Cu reaction generated reactive oxygen species; (2) delayed cytotoxicity introduced by the end product, DDC-Cu.

A Multicenter Study on the Long-term Outcomes of Half-dose Photodynamic Therapy in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To investigate long-term efficacy and prognostic factors of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Design: Retrospective multicenter interventional case series.

Methods: Patients with chronic CSCR undergoing half-dose PDT between 2005 and 2011 were reviewed.

Real-time electrocatalytic sensing of cellular respiration.

In the present work we develop a real-time electrochemical mediator assay to enable the assessment of cell numbers and chemical toxicity. This allowed us to monitor metabolism down to a single cell in a low cost easy to use rapid assay which is not possible with current technology. The developed assay was based on the determination of oxygen.

Primary 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To describe the results of primary 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods: In a prospective case series, 24 eyes of 24 consecutive patients with RRD underwent primary 23-gauge transconjunctival pars plana vitrectomy with intraocular gas tamponade. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 6 months to 16 months.

Differential aqueous and vitreous concentrations of moxifloxacin and ofloxacin after topical administration one hour before vitrectomy.

Purpose: To investigate the penetration of ofloxacin and moxifloxacin into the aqueous and vitreous after topical administration one hour before vitrectomy surgery.

Design: Prospective, randomized, double-blind case series study.

Methods: Twenty-seven patients undergoing vitrectomy were randomized to receive either topical ofloxacin 0.

Results of high-density silicone oil as a tamponade agent in macular hole retinal detachment in patients with high myopia.

Background: To evaluate the use of high-density silicone oil (HDSO) as a tamponade agent for retinal detachment secondary to myopic macular hole.

Methods: 12 eyes of 12 patients with macular hole retinal detachment underwent pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling and HDSO tamponade. No posturing was required postoperatively and HDSO was removed 3-4 months later.

A prospective randomised trial of different doses of intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular oedema.

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of different doses of intravitreal triamcinolone (ivTA) in treating clinically significant diabetic macular oedema (CSMO).

Methods: 63 eyes of 63 patients with CSMO and central foveal thickness (CFT) of > or =250 microm on optical coherence tomography were randomised to receive 4 mg (n = 23), 6 mg (n = 20) or 8 mg (n = 20) ivTA. Patients were followed up for 6 months, and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography CFT, standardised change in macular thickness (SCMT), and side effects such as intraocular pressure and cataractogenesis were compared between the three groups.

Prevalence and mechanism of appositional angle closure in acute primary angle closure after iridotomy.

Purpose: A prospective observational case series to assess the prevalence of appositional angle closure in darkness among iridotomized Chinese eyes after acute primary angle closure (APAC) with the use of both clinical methods and ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Methods: Sixteen Chinese patients who had history of APAC and subsequent successful treatment with laser peripheral iridotomy were examined. Fourteen additional control subjects were studied.

Amino acid changes in functional domains of latent membrane protein 1 of Epstein-Barr virus in nasopharyngeal carcinoma of southern China and Taiwan: prevalence of an HLA A2-restricted 'epitope-loss variant'.

Full-length sequences of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene for latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 from 22 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsy specimens and 18 non-neoplastic counterparts (NPI) were determined. Relative to the B95-8 strain, the amino acid sequences of the toxic-signal and transformation domains were changed variably in NPC and NPI specimens; in contrast, no change was observed in the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) activation domain. HLA typing revealed that 47 % of NPC and 31 % of NPI specimens were HLA A2-positive.

Fornix-based trabeculectomy using the 'anchoring' corneal suture technique.

Aim: To assess the safety and efficacy of fornix-based tra-beculectomy with the 'anchoring' corneal suture technique in Chinese patients.

Methods: A retrospective non-comparative case series of 66 eyes of 63 Chinese patients who underwent fornix-based trabeculectomy combined with intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) 0.4 mg/mL for 2-5 min were studied.