Arsenic compounds activate the MAPK and caspase pathways to induce apoptosis in OEC‑M1 gingival epidermal carcinoma.

Arsenic is a well‑documented environmental toxicant that can induce neurotoxicity and peripheral vascular diseases. In fact, arsenic trioxide has been used to treat various cancer types. Oral cancer has been in the top ten common cancers for decades in Taiwan, and the incidence rate is continuously increasing.