The effect of ultrasonication on the immunomodulatory activity of low-quality ginseng.

This study investigated the effects of ultrasonication extraction (UE) on the immunomodulatory activity of low-quality ginseng. The results indicate that the optimal conditions for extracting low-quality ginseng are ultrasonication at 60 kHz and 85°C for 60 min. The extraction yield from the UE was 20% higher than that of the water extraction (WE) at 100°C.

Enhancement of lipid extraction from marine microalga, Scenedesmus associated with high-pressure homogenization process.

Marine microalga, Scenedesmus sp., which is known to be suitable for biodiesel production because of its high lipid content, was subjected to the conventional Folch method of lipid extraction combined with high-pressure homogenization pretreatment process at 1200 psi and 35°C. Algal lipid yield was about 24.

Direct-patterning of porphyrin dot arrays and lines using electrohydrodynamic jet printing.

In this research, we have fabricated micron-sized patterns of porphyrins on silicon substrates using an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing technique. Optical and fluorescence microscopies have been used to examine the shape and fluorescence property of porphyrin patterns. The morphology of the porphyrin patterns printed with variously formulated porphyrin inks and the effects of applied voltage, working distance, and substrate properties on the morphology of patterns were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).

Drop-on-demand printing of carbon black ink by electrohydrodynamic jet printing.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a technique using electric fields to eject inks through nozzle apertures. EHD jet printing is very attractive due to its non-contacting nature and compatibility with diverse materials and substrates. In this research, we have fabricated micron-sized dot arrays and line patterns with carbon black ink on Si wafer substrates using EHD jet printing.