Burden of tuberculosis and its association with socio-economic development status in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) always runs in the forefront of the global burden when it comes to infectious diseases. Tuberculosis, which can lead to impairment of quality of life, financial hardship, discrimination, marginalization, and social barriers, is a major public health problem. The assessment of TB burden and trend can provide crucial information for policy decision and planning, and help countries in the world to achieve the goal of sustainable development of ending the epidemic of TB in 2030.

Global Burden of Bacterial Skin Diseases: A Systematic Analysis Combined With Sociodemographic Index, 1990-2019.

Background: The latest incidence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of major bacterial skin diseases (BSD) and their relationship with socioeconomic are not readily available.

Objective: Describe the global age-standardized incidence and DALYs rates of BSD and analyze their relationship with socioeconomic.

Methods: All data were obtained from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 database.

Global Burden, Incidence and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for Dermatitis: A Systematic Analysis Combined With Socioeconomic Development Status, 1990-2019.

Background: Dermatitis is an important global health problem that not only affects social interaction and physical and mental health but also causes economic burden. Health problems or distress caused by dermatitis may be easily overlooked, and relevant epidemiological data are limited. Therefore, a better understanding of the burden of dermatitis is necessary for developing global intervention strategies.

Current surgical practices of robotic-assisted tissue repair and reconstruction.

This paper systematically reviewed and analyzed the recent publications of robotic-assisted surgeries in the field of tissue repair and reconstruction. Surgical robots can elevate skin flap more accurately and shorten the time of tissue harvest. In addition, robotic-assisted surgery has the advantage of minimal tissue trauma and thus forms minimal scar.

Potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in rejuvenation of the aged skin of rats.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-aging effects of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in a D-galactose-induced skin aging rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10/group) as follows: Normal control group; skin aging model group; MSC-treated group by subcutaneous multi-point injection. The skin aging model was established by a daily subcutaneous injection of 15% D-galactose (1,000 mg/kg) for 8 weeks.

α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) drive melanosome transfer by promoting filopodia delivery and shedding spheroid granules: Evidences from atomic force microscopy observation.

Background: Skin pigmentation is accomplished by production of melanin in melanosome and by transfer of these organelles from melanocytes (MCs) to surrounding keratinocytes (KCs). However, the detailed mechanism is still unknown.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the morphological structure changes on human epidermal MCs and KCs, which were either mono-cultured or co-cultured, with or without the treatment of both α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and to provide more direct proofs for process of melanosome transfer.

[Quantitative analysis of craniofacial skeleton asymmetry by three-dimensional computed tomography].

Objective: To present a method of quantitative diagnosis of craniofacial skeleton deformities based on three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT).

Methods: 20 cases with facial asymmetric deformities underwent 3D CT and the 3D images were reconstructed by Mimics 10.0 (Belgium).

Acquired localized hypertrichosis induced by internal fixation and plaster cast application.

Hypertrichosis refers to increased vellus hair growth and is independent to androgen excess. The acquired localized hypertrichosis (ALH) is one of the typical hypertrichosis, which mainly results from chronic irritation, inflammation, friction, and occlusion by plaster of Paris. Here, we report a young boy who had ALH on his right hand following a closed fracture with internal fixation and plaster cast application.

[Application of expansion bilateral delto-pectoral thin skin flap in the repair of extensive scar in faciocervical region].

Objective: To contrive an effective method of repairing the scar in bilateral faciocervical region.

Methods: Between April 2009 and February 2012, 9 patients with large scars on face and neck due to burn and scald were treated. There were 5 cases with face scars and 4 cervical scars.

[On the rehabilitation of pediatric burn patients in China].

Rehabilitation medicine is an emerging discipline. At present, there are many problems in rehabilitation of pediatric burn patients in China, including idea lag, weak technical force, lack of standardized technology, disunity in evaluation indexes, etc. The new era of reformation of health system and development and flourish of medical insurance business bring good opportunity for the development of rehabilitation medicine.

[Advances in the technology in modern rehabilitation of patients after burns].

With the rapid development of modern science and technology, various kinds of new therapy and technology have widely been used in rehabilitation medicine. This review summarizes those new therapies and principles in rehabilitation and their application during treatment of burn injury, in order to provide more ways and methods to improve the rehabilitation of mentation, motor function, and the quality of life of burn patients.

[Present status of research in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for promoting the healing of diabetic ulcer].

The delayed healing of diabetic ulcer has been haunting the surgeons and researchers for a long time. Although we have been researching and exploring the effective therapies for many years, the progress has been limited. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have gradually won worldwide attention for their characteristics of differentiating into tissue repair cells and secreting multiple cytokines as well as growth factors.

[Clinical efficacy of keloids treated by surgical ablation and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy].

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of intralesional excision and immediate postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy in the treatment of keloids.

Methods: Eighty-one patients with a combined total of 86 keloids were treated with 6 MeV electron beam radiotherapy after surgical intralesional excision of keloids. All received a total dose of 15 - 20 Gy for 5 consecutive days beginning the day of surgery.

[The effect of RhoA/Rho kinase signal pathway on TGF-beta1-induced phenotypic differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts].

Objective: To examine the effect of RhoA/Rho kinase signal pathway on TGF-beta1-induced phenotypic differentiation of human dermal fibroblasts.

Methods: The 4th generation of primary cultured human dermal fibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-beta1, (10 ng/ml). The expression of alpha-SMA was detected after treatment with TGF-beta1, for 0, 3, 6, and 24 h.

MicroRNA-146a modulates TGF-β1-induced phenotypic differentiation in human dermal fibroblasts by targeting SMAD4.

During wound healing and tissue repair the dermal fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation plays an important role, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is considered to be the main stimuli factor of transdifferentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. The involvement of miRNAs and their roles in TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation remains to be determined in detail.

[Effect of skin autograft with different thickness on the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts after deep partial thickness burn in rats].

Objective: To investigate the effect of thin split-thickness skin, inter-mediate thickness skin and full-thickness skin autograft on the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in rats after deep partial thickness burn.

Methods: A total of 40 SD rats were divided randomly into two groups (Group A & Group B, n = 20 each). In Group A, tissue samples were collected at Day 2 after skin-grafting while Day 7 in Group B.

[Preliminary study on the phenomenon of epidermal stem cell ectopy in expanded skin].

Objective: To observe the differentiation and distribution of epidermal stem cell (ESC) after skin soft tissue expansion, and to initially probe into the growth mechanism of expanded skin tissue.

Methods: Samples of normal skin and expanded skin (mean effusion period 45 days) were harvested from head and cervical region in 15 patients who underwent II stage surgery after skin expansion. Samples were divided into scalp adjacent to the center of expander group (expanded scalp, 3 cm from the vertical axis of the expander), scalp from lateral part of the expander group (expanded scalp, 5 - 7 cm lateral to the vertical axis of the expander), cervical skin expansion group, un-expanded scalp control group, and un-expanded cervical skin control group, according to the position of skin harvested.

[It is imperative to establish the base and system for specialist training].

Chinese Medical Association (CMA) is an academic society and the Chinese Medical Doctor Association (CMDA) is an administrative organization with academic character. The main functions of CMDA are setting up the system for specialty training, training for residents of different disciplines, establishing training bases, and safeguarding interests of doctors. The author also analyzes the drawbacks in this regard in field of burn surgery in China at the present time, and venture to put forward new suggestions for strengthening and perfecting the frame of CMDA.

Treatment strategies for mass burn casualties.

Background: Mass burn casualties are always a great challenge to a medical team because a large number of seriously injured patients were sent in within a short time. Usually a high mortality is impending. Experiences gained from successful treatment of the victims may be useful in guiding the care of mass casualties in an armed conflict.

[Functional reconstruction of multiple severe deformities after extensive deep burn].

To explore new measures for functional reconstruction of multiple severe deformities as a result of extensive deep burn (total burn surface area > or = 90% TBSA, including deep burn > or = 70%TBSA) in late stage. Twelve severe burn patients with above-mentioned deformities were hospitalized in our ward during 1960--2005, the scars resulted from burns were distributed from head to foot with 173 deformities, including 27 scar ulcers. All patients lacked of self-care ability, among them some could not stand.

[Preliminary investigation on the dynamic change in epidermal stem cells under mechanical stress in vivo].

Objective: To observe the distribution of epidermal stem cell (ESC) after soft tissue expansion, and to explore dynamic change in ESC under mechanical stress and kinetic mechanism of skin expansion.

Methods: Skin samples were collected from patients after expansion of the scalp. They were divided into three groups: A group (scalp harvested 3 cm away from the center of dilator), B group (scalp tissues at the edge of dilator), and control group (scalp without dilatation).