Leptomeningeal Masses or Masquerades: A Spectrum of Diseases with Leptomeningeal Enhancement and their Mimics.

Background: Leptomeningeal enhancement, visible on MRI, can indicate a variety of diseases, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic.

Objective: This comprehensive pictorial review aims to equip radiologists and trainees with a thorough understanding of the diverse imaging presentations of leptomeningeal disease.

Methods: Drawing from a retrospective analysis of MRI scans conducted between 1 January 2008 and 30 September 2022, at two tertiary teaching hospitals in Singapore, this review covers a wide range of conditions.

PyFaceWipe: a new defacing tool for almost any MRI contrast.

Rationale And Objectives: Defacing research MRI brain scans is often a mandatory step. With current defacing software, there are issues with Windows compatibility and researcher doubt regarding the adequacy of preservation of brain voxels in non-T1w scans. To address this, we developed PyFaceWipe, a multiplatform software for multiple MRI contrasts, which was evaluated based on its anonymisation ability and effect on downstream processing.

MRI characteristics of chemotherapy-related central neurotoxicity: a pictorial review.

The relentless advancement of chemotherapeutic agents has enhanced survival rates among cancer patients. However, this success comes with an increased prevalence of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity, which often mimics the symptoms of metastatic disease or paraneoplastic syndromes and poses a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Imaging, particularly MRI, plays a pivotal role in unraveling this conundrum.

COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-related myocarditis: A PRISMA systematic review, imaging approach and differential diagnoses.

We present a case involving a young individual who developed acute myocarditis on the fourth day following administration of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. The patient's condition was managed conservatively, resulting in a favorable outcome. This paper extensively discusses the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-related myocarditis and includes a comprehensive review of pertinent literature.

A Case of an 82-Year-Old Man with a Spinal Extradural Malignant Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor.

BACKGROUND Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor predominantly involving the subcutaneous tissues or skeletal muscles in the proximal extremities, typically in middle-aged men. OFMT in the spine is extremely rare, with only 3 previously reported cases in the literature. CASE REPORT Here, we present a rare case of an 82-year-old man presenting with paresthesia of both arms and weakness of both legs, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine, which showed an aggressive extradural tumor.

Intracranial "white" epidermoid tumours - An imaging approach and systematic review.

Introduction: Intracranial epidermoid cysts are rare congenital inclusion cysts that can be divided into the classical "black epidermoid" and the exceedingly rare "white epidermoid". White epidermoids are often misdiagnosed because they have different imaging features compared to black epidermoids. There is a paucity of imaging review on white epidermoids.

Lumbar Spinal Epidural Capillary Hemangioma: A Case Report and Literature Review.

BACKGROUND Capillary hemangiomas are often seen on the skin of young individuals and are rarely found in the spine. These vascular lesions can arise from any spinal compartment, although they are more commonly found in the intradural extramedullary (IDEM) than the epidural location. We present a unique case of a woman with a histologically proven spinal epidural capillary hemangioma (SECH).

Primary Epithelioid Sarcoma Manifesting as a Fungating Scalp Mass - Imaging Features and Treatment Options. A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary epithelioid sarcoma is an extremely rare malignancy of the scalp. To date, less than a dozen such cases have been reported in the literature. The diagnosis often is a challenge to both radiologists and clinicians.

Management of an Extensive Intraparotid and Auricular Arteriovenous Malformation.

BACKGROUND Extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the parotid gland and auricle are rarely encountered. Management of these AVMs depends on the Schobinger stage and their flow characteristics. We present a rare case of an AVM involving the parotid and auricle concurrently.

Pituitary Carcinoma in a Patient with Cowden Syndrome.

BACKGROUND Pituitary carcinomas are rare tumors that are histologically indistinguishable from pituitary adenoma. This report describes an extremely rare case of pituitary carcinoma in a patient with clinically diagnosed Cowden syndrome (CS). CS is a rare multisystemic hereditary disease with increase risks of cancer and benign overgrowth of different types of tissues.

Distinguishing Intramedullary Spinal Cord Neoplasms from Non-Neoplastic Conditions by Analyzing the Classic Signs on MRI in the Era of AI.

Intramedullary lesions can be challenging to diagnose, given the wide range of possible pathologies. Each lesion has unique clinical and imaging features, which are best evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging. Radiological imaging is unique with rich, descriptive patterns and classic signs-which are often metaphorical.

Primary intraventricular tumors - Imaging characteristics, post-treatment changes and relapses.

Primary intraventricular neoplasms are rare tumors that originate from the ependymal or subependymal, septum pellucidum, choroid plexus and the supporting arachnoid tissue. Knowledge of the common locations of these tumors within the ventricular system, together with key imaging characteristics and presentation age, can significantly narrow the differential diagnosis. In 2016, the WHO reorganized the classification of several primary CNS tumors by combining histopathological and molecular data.

Life-threatening bleeding from dissecting Intramural Hematoma of Esophagus (IHE) treated by trans arterial embolization.

Dissecting intramural hematoma of esophagus (DIHE) is an uncommon entity, characterized by accumulation of blood within the esophageal wall and usually managed conservatively. Only in rare circumstances, DIHE is associated with massive life-threatening hemorrhage requiring emergency treatment. We present a case of DIHE associated with cardiovascular collapse and treated by transcatheter arterial embolization.

Multimodality imaging and treatment strategy for malignant scalp neoplasms in adults.

Malignant scalp masses deserve much attention as they have the potential to destroy local structures, recur and metastasize to distant organs. Moreover, malignant scalp lesions are known to be more aggressive in behavior than their counterparts elsewhere in the body. Multimodality imaging is essential in narrowing the differential diagnoses of scalp masses, as well as in differentiating benign from malignant masses.

Radiological Signs in Traumatic Cervical Facet Joint Dislocations.

Unilateral cervical facet joint dislocation (UCFJD) is the most frequently missed cervical spine injury on plain radiographs. If left untreated, UCFJD can progress to bilateral cervical facet joint dislocation. Given the complexity of cervical facet joint dislocations, radiologists rely on metaphorical signs to identify them on radiographs.

Extensive systemic metastases from primary central nervous system haemangiopericytoma.

Primary intracranial tumours rarely metastasise outside of the central nervous system (CNS). This report describes a rare case of recurrent meningeal haemangiopericytoma with extensive systemic metastases, which eventually resulted in a fatal outcome. We discuss some prevailing theories as to the rarity of extracranial metastases from primary CNS haemangiopericytoma, and elucidate the epidemiology, imaging features, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of this unusual but surprisingly aggressive meningeal tumour.

Extramedullary multiple myeloma with central nervous system and multiorgan involvement: Case report and literature review.

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy due to monoclonal plasma cell proliferation. It is usually confined to the bone marrow, although extramedullary involvement is known to occur in almost any organ system; myelomatous spread to the central nervous system is a rare manifestation of myeloma. Extramedullary disease is thought to be related to hematogenous spread when myeloma cells show decreased cell surface receptor expression, allowing cells to escape from the bone marrow.

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (202). Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD).

A 14-year-old boy presented with left anterior knee pain, which was aggravated by exercise and relieved by rest. On clinical examination, there was tenderness at the tibial tuberosity with reproducible pain on resisted active extension of the knee. Radiographs showed heterotopic ossification of the patellar tendon with irregularity and fragmentation of the tibial tubercle.

Postoperative Imaging of Complications Following Cranial Implants.

A wide range of neurosurgical implants, cranioplasty materials and catheters have been developed to treat a variety of intracranial disorders. Interpretation of postoperative imaging can be challenging and confounded by postoperative changes and implant-related complications. Review of recent literature suggested that there is a paucity of data on postoperative cranial implant-related complications.

Carotid Mycotic Aneurysm associated with Persistent Primitive Hypoglossal Artery. Case Report and Literature Review.

Carotid mycotic aneurysm is extremely rare and even more unusual when it is associated with a persistent primitive hypoglossal artery. This artery is the second most common of the embryonic carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. It originates from the cervical internal carotid artery and enters the cranium through a widened hypoglossal canal before anastomosing with the basilar artery.

Persistent primitive trigeminal artery associated with a cavernous carotid aneurysm. Case report and literature review.

The persistent primitive trigeminal artery is the most common persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis. Patients are usually asymptomatic and the persistent primitive trigeminal artery is commonly found incidentally on imaging. Rarely, they may present with symptoms of neurovascular conflict or cranial nerve compression syndromes as the artery may be intimately related to the cranial nerves.