Repurposing of the Antipsychotic Trifluoperazine Induces SLC7A11/GPX4- Mediated Ferroptosis of Oral Cancer via the ROS/Autophagy Pathway.

Ferroptosis, a mode of cell death characterized by iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation, has a substantial therapeutic potential for the treatment of various cancers. This study investigated the effects of trifluoperazine (TFP), an FDA-approved drug traditionally utilized for mental health disorder, on oral cancer cells, with a particular focus on the mechanisms involved in its potential anti-tumor properties. Our findings indicate that TFP significantly elevates the levels of lipid-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces ferroptotic cell death in oral cancer cells through pathways involving autophagy, the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis, and mitochondrial damage.

2,5-Dihydroxyacetophenone attenuates RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis by affecting the NFATc1 signaling pathway in vitro.

Excessive bone resorption activity of osteoclasts is a common characteristic of osteolytic conditions such as osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases. Natural compounds with antiosteoclastogenic function seem to be beneficial for the treatment of osteolytic diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone (DHAP), a phenolic compound in Ganoderma bambusicola, on osteoclastogenesis induced in vitro by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL).

Resveratrol Propionate Ester Supplement Exerts Antihypertensive Effect in Juvenile Rats Exposed to an Adenine Diet via Gut Microbiota Modulation.

Resveratrol, acting as a prebiotic, and propionate, functioning as a postbiotic, hold promise for preventing hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we employed propionate to enhance the bioavailability of resveratrol through esterification, resulting in the production of a resveratrol propionate ester (RPE) mixture. In this study, we purified 3-O-propanoylresveratrol (RPE2) and 3,4'-di-O-propanoylresveratrol (RPE4) and investigated their protective effects in a juvenile rat adenine-induced CKD model.

Nobiletin derivative, 5-acetoxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone, inhibits neuroinflammation through the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signaling pathways and STAT3 in microglia.

Objective: Microglia in the central nervous system regulate neuroinflammation that leads to a wide range of neuropathological alterations. The present study investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of nobiletin (Nob) derivative, 5-acetoxy-6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (5-Ac-Nob), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 microglia.

Materials And Methods: By using the MTT assay, Griess method, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we determined the cell viability, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory factors (interleukin 1 beta; IL-1β, interleukin 6; IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNF-α and prostaglandin E2; PGE2) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia.

Abietane Diterpenoids from the Bark of and Their Antifungal Activities against Wood Decay Fungi.

Phytochemical investigation of the bark of led to the isolation of five new abietane diterpenoids, 5--12-hydroxy-6--5,6-secoabieta-8,11,13-trien-7,5-olide (), 12-hydroxy-6β-methoxy-6,7-secoabieta-8,11,13-trien-7,6-olide (), 6β,12-dihydroxy-7,8-secoabieta-8,11,13-trien-7,8-olide (), 5,12-dihydroxy-7,8-secoabieta-8,11,13-trien-7,8-olide (), and 5α,8-epoxy-12-hydroxy-7,8-secoabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-al (), together with one known abietane diterpenoid, obtuanhydride (). Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with the spectral data of known analogs. At the concentration of 100 μg/mL, compounds , and inhibited antifungal activities against wood decay fungi activity by 18.

Trans-2-nonadecyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (TNHD) purified from freshwater clams markedly alleviates dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis.

Liver fibrosis occurs due to injury or inflammation, which results in the excessive production of collagen and the formation of fibrotic scar tissue that impairs liver function. Despite the limited treatment options available, freshwater clams may hold promise in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of ethanol extract of freshwater clam (FCE), ethyl acetate extract of FCE (EA-FCE), and trans-2-nonadecyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dioxolane (TNHD) on liver fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN).

Characterization of four new cycloartane triterpenoids from Swietenia macrophylla and their angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity.

Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition is currently a common method for the treatment and control of hypertension. In this study, four new (1-4) and one known (5) cycloartane triterpenoids were isolated from the leaves of Swietenia macrophylla by chromatographic techniques and identified by their spectroscopic data and a comprehensive comparison of published data. The triterpenoids were evaluated for their ACE inhibitory potential using in vitro inhibition assays and in silico methods.

Vitisin B, a resveratrol tetramer from var. , ameliorates impaired glucose regulations in nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice.

Background And Aim: In Taiwan, var. (VTT) is used in traditional medicine and as a local tea. VTT rich in resveratrol and resveratrol oligomers have been reported to exhibit anti-obesity and anti-hypertensive activities in animal models; however, no studies have investigated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatments.

Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Salvinal Derivatives as Potent Microtubule Inhibitors.

Salvinal is a natural lignan isolated from the roots of Bunge (Danshen). Previous studies have demonstrated its anti-proliferative activity in both drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines, with IC values ranging from 4-17 µM. In this study, a series of salvinal derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for the structure-activity relationship.

Symptoms of internet gaming disorder and depression in Chinese adolescents: A network analysis.

The current study aimed to investigate comorbidity among symptoms of depression and internet gaming disorder (IGD) utilizing symptom network analysis in a sample of Chinese adolescents. A total of 1,362 Chinese adolescents (Mean age = 15.19 ± 1.

Dietary Resveratrol Butyrate Monoester Supplement Improves Hypertension and Kidney Dysfunction in a Young Rat Chronic Kidney Disease Model.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a public health problem. Certain dietary supplements can assist in the prevention of CKD progression. In this regard, resveratrol is a polyphenol and has a potential therapeutic role in alleviating CKD.

Extraction Optimization and Structural Characteristics of Chitosan from Cuttlefish ( sp.) Bone.

In fish processing, reducing the waste rate and increasing the economic value of products is an important issue for global environmental protection and resource sustainability. It has been discovered that cuttlefish bones can be an excellent resource for producing attractive amounts of chitin and chitosan. Therefore, this study optimized chitosan extraction conditions using response surface methodology (RSM) to establish application conditions suitable for industrial production and reducing environmental impact.

Acetylation Enhances the Anticancer Activity and Oral Bioavailability of 5-Demethyltangeretin.

A kind of hydroxylated polymethoxyflavone (PMFs) existing in the citrus genus, 5-Demethyltangeretin (5-DTAN), has been reported to possess several bioactivities in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate whether acetylation could enhance the anticancer activity and oral bioavailability of 5-DTAN. PC-3 human prostate cancer cells were treated with tangeretin (TAN), 5-DTAN, and 5-acetylated TAN (5-ATAN), and the results showed that the cytotoxic effect 5-ATAN (IC50 value of 5.

Novel Aporphine- and Proaporphine-Clerodane Hybrids Identified from the Barks of Taiwanese (Sonn.) Thwaites var. with Strong Anti-DENV2 Activity.

Hybrid natural products produced via mixed biosynthetic pathways are unique and often surprise one with unexpected medicinal properties in addition to their fascinating structural complexity/diversity. In view of chemical structures, hybridization is a way of diversifying natural products usually through dimerization of two similar or dissimilar subcomponents through a C-C or N-C covalent linkage. Here, we report four structurally attractive diterpene-alkaloid conjugates polyalongarins A-D (-), clerodane-containing aporphine and proaporphine alkaloids, the first of its kind from the barks of Taiwanese (Sonn.

Investigation of cell cytotoxic activity and molecular mechanism of 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23()-diene-3β,19(),25-triol isolated from on hepatoma cells.

Context: L. (Cucurbitaceae), known as bitter melon, is an edible fruit cultivated in the tropics. In this study, an active compound, 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23()-diene-3β,19(),25-triol (ECDT), isolated from was investigated in regard to its cytotoxic effect on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.

Mechanistic Insights into the Inhibitory Activities of Chemical Constituents from the Fruits of Terminalia boivinii on α-Glucosidase.

Regulation of key digestive enzymes is currently considered an effective remedy for diabetes mellitus. In this study, bioactive constituents were purified from Terminalia boivinii fruits and identified by H-NMR, C-NMR and EI-MS. In vitro and in silico methods were used to evaluate α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase inhibition activities.

Exploring subtypes and correlates of internet gaming disorder severity among adolescents during COVID-19 in China: A latent class analysis.

Unlabelled: The WHO recently included Gaming Disorder as a psychiatric diagnosis. Whether there are distinct groups of adolescents who differ based on severity of gaming disorder and their relationships with other mental health and addictive behavior outcomes, including problematic smartphone use (PSU), remains unclear. The current study explored and identified subtypes of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) severity and estimated the association between these subtypes and other disorders.

Tea Seed Kaempferol Triglycoside Attenuates LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammation and Ameliorates Cognitive Impairments in a Mouse Model.

(1) Background: The current research intended to obtain functional compounds from agricultural by-products. A functional tea seed flavonoid, kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-β-d-xylopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhanmopyranosyl]-β-d-glucopyranoside (KXRG), was isolated from tea seed dregs. We further determined its chemical structure and evaluated the protective effects of KXRG against local and systemic inflammation in vivo; (2) Methods: First, cytotoxicity and proinflammatory cytokine release were examined in a cell-culture system.

6-methoxyflavone suppresses neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide- stimulated microglia through the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/p38 MAPK/NF-κB dependent pathways and the activation of HO-1/NQO-1 signaling.

Background: Microglia-related neuroinflammation is associated with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids have demonstrated different pharmacological effects, such as antioxidation, neuroprotection and anti-inflammation However, the effect of flavonoid 6-methoxyflavone (6-MeOF) on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation remain unknown.

Purpose: The current study aim to study the antineuroinflammatory effects of 6-MeOF in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced microglia in vitro and in vivo.

The anti-inflammatory properties of ethyl acetate fraction in ethanol extract from Sarcodia suiae sp. alleviates atopic dermatitis-like lesion in mice.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory and pruritic disease; it can be treated by inhibiting inflammation. Sarcodia suiae sp. is an edible, artificially cultivable red algae with multiple bioactivities.

Resveratrol Butyrate Ester Protects Adenine-Treated Rats against Hypertension and Kidney Disease by Regulating the Gut-Kidney Axis.

Despite recent advances in pharma-nutritional management, chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains an increasingly prevalent disorder. Resveratrol, a pleiotropic phytochemical, has been found to reduce the risk for several chronic diseases. Considering the low bioavailability of resveratrol, we recently synthesized resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE) via the esterification of resveratrol with butyrate.

Integrated Chinese herbal medicine and Western medicine successfully resolves spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum in a patient with severe COVID-19 in Taiwan: A case report.

Case: Serious complications of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) include subcutaneous emphysema (SE) and pneumomediastinum, which are complicated to treat with conventional Western medicine. We report how combining Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) with Western medicine quickly resolved a patient's COVID-19-associated pulmonary complications, shortened hospital stay and improved quality of life.

Clinical Features And Outcome: A 59-year-old male with a history of smoking and tumors was diagnosed with COVID-19 in May 2021.

Separation and Identification of Resveratrol Butyrate Ester Complexes and Their Bioactivity in HepG2 Cell Models.

Resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE) complexes have demonstrated higher antioxidant capacity and anti-fat accumulation activity in previous studies. In this study, silica gel, high-performance liquid chromatography, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance were used for separation and identification of RBE complex components. With the exception of resveratrol, five different structures of ester derivatives were separated from silica gel: 3,4'-di-O-butanoylresveratrol (ED2, 18.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Charantadiol A, Isolated from Wild Bitter Melon Leaf, on Heat-Inactivated -Stimulated THP-1 Monocytes and a Periodontitis Mouse Model.

has been identified as one of the major periodontal pathogens. Activity-directed fractionation and purification processes were employed to identify bioactive compounds from bitter melon leaf. Ethanolic extract of bitter melon leaf was separated into five subfractions by open column chromatography.