Reconstructing suspended sediment concentrations in the Mekong River Basin via semi-supervised-based deep neural networks.

The Mekong River Basin (MRB) is crucial for the livelihoods of over 60 million people across six Southeast Asian countries. Understanding long-term sediment changes is crucial for management and contingency plans, but the sediment concentration data in the MRB are extremely sporadic, making analysis challenging. This study focuses on reconstructing long-term suspended sediment concentration (SSC) data using a novel semi-supervised machine learning (ML) model.

Physicians' and nurses' perceptions of the factors influencing the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To identify barriers and facilitators that influence the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong public hospitals from physicians' and nurses' perspectives.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted based on semistructured interviews of physicians and nurses who worked in the field of paediatrics in four public hospitals in Hong Kong. Interviews were held via telephone conversations using spoken Cantonese which were audio recorded, then translated and transcribed directly into English by the research team.

Dry-spun carbon nanotube ultrafiltration membranes tailored by anti-viral metal oxide coatings for human coronavirus 229E capture in water.

Although waterborne virus removal may be achieved using separation membrane technologies, such technologies remain largely inefficient at generating virus-free effluents due to the lack of anti-viral reactivity of conventional membrane materials required to deactivating viruses. Here, a stepwise approach towards simultaneous filtration and disinfection of Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) in water effluents, is proposed by engineering dry-spun ultrafiltration carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes, coated with anti-viral SnO thin films via atomic layer deposition. The thickness and pore size of the engineered CNT membranes were fine-tuned by varying spinnable CNT sheets and their relative orientations on carbon nanofibre (CNF) porous supports to reach thicknesses less than 1 µm and pore size around 28 nm.

On a barrier height problem for RNA branching.

The branching of an RNA molecule is an important structural characteristic yet difficult to predict correctly, especially for longer sequences. Using plane trees as a combinatorial model for RNA folding, we consider the thermodynamic cost, known as the barrier height, of transitioning between branching configurations. Using branching skew as a coarse energy approximation, we characterize various types of paths in the discrete configuration landscape.

Clinical pharmacists' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy services in Hong Kong.

Objectives: To identify barriers and facilitators that influenced the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy service (CPS) in Hong Kong's public hospitals from clinical pharmacists' perspective.

Methods: A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews of clinical pharmacists who practiced in paediatrics in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Interview schedule was designed based on determined themes identified in previous research and pilot testing was performed.

Systematic literature review of pharmacists in general practice in supporting the implementation of shared care agreements in primary care.

Background: Rising demand for healthcare continues to impact all sectors of the health service. As a result of the growing ageing population and the burden of chronic disease, healthcare has become more complex, and the need for more efficient management of specialist medication across the healthcare interface is of paramount importance. With the rising number of pharmacists working in primary care in clinical roles, is this a role that pharmacists could support to ensure the successful execution of shared care agreement (SCA) in primary care for these patients?

Aim Of The Review: Systematic review to identify activities and assess the interventions provided by pharmacists in primary care on SCA provision and how it affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients.

More Powerful Twistron Carbon Nanotube Yarn Mechanical Energy Harvesters.

Stretching a coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarn can provide large, reversible electrochemical capacitance changes, which convert mechanical energy to electricity. Here, it is shown that the performance of these "twistron" harvesters can be increased by optimizing the alignment of precursor CNT forests, plastically stretching the precursor twisted yarn, applying much higher tensile loads during precoiling twist than for coiling, using electrothermal pulse annealing under tension, and incorporating reduced graphene oxide nanoplates. The peak output power for a 1 and a 30 Hz sinusoidal deformation are 0.

Pharmacists in advanced clinical practice roles in emergency departments (PARED).

Background Following evidence published in the Pharmacists in Emergency Departments (PIED 2016) study Health Education England funded novel advanced clinical practitioner training for pharmacists (ACP-p), to support service delivery.Objective To explore experiences and clinical activity of trainee ACP-p, and opinions and recommendations of both trainees and clinical supervisors.Setting Five Urgent/Emergency Care Departments in London UK.

A Rare Indolent Course of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis.

Mucormycosis is a highly invasive and rapidly progressing form of fungal infection that can be fatal. The infection usually begins after oral or nasal inhalation of fungal spores and can enter the host through a disrupted mucosa or an extraction wound. The organism becomes pathogenic when the host is in an immunocompromised state.

Factors influencing the implementation of clinical pharmacy services on paediatric patient care in hospital settings.

Objectives: This systematic review (SR) was undertaken to identify and summarise any factors which influence the implementation of paediatric clinical pharmacy service (CPS) from service users' perspectives in hospital settings.

Methods: Literature search from EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science (Core Collection), Cochrane Library, Scopus and CINAHL databases were performed in order to identify any relevant peer-reviewed quantitative and qualitative studies from inception until October 2019 by following the inclusion criteria. Boolean search operators were used which consisted of service, patient subgroup and attribute domains.

Literature review of medication administration problems in paediatrics by parent/caregiver and the role of health literacy.

Objective: To identify studies that highlighted medication administration problems experienced by parents and children, which also looked at health literacy aspect using a validated tool to assess for literacy.

Study Design: Ten electronic databases were systematically searched and supplemented by hand searching through reference lists using the following search terms: (1) paediatric, (2) medication error including dosing error, medication administration error, medication safety and medication optimisation and (3) health literacy.

Results: Of the (1230) records screened, 14 studies were eligible for inclusion.

Development of a low-cost colorimeter and its application for determination of environmental pollutants.

Herein, a novel colorimeter based on the Beer-Lambert law was designed for detection of environmental pollutants in water with a high precision, simple, and miniaturized device using a tetracycline-Eu complex, cadmium reduction, diazotization, 1,10-phenanthroline, and periodate oxidation. The newly developed colorimeter could detect many environmental pollutants including tetracycline, nitrate, nitrite, Fe, and Mn, which were used to evaluate its performance. Simultaneously, a modified algorithm was applied to extend the linear response range.

Electrical energy harvesting from ferritin biscrolled carbon nanotube yarn.

Various studies about harvesting energy for future energy production have been conducted. In particular, replacing batteries in implantable medical devices with electrical harvesting is a great challenge. Here, we have improved the electrical harvesting performance of twisted carbon nanotube yarn, which was previously reported to be an electrical energy harvester, by biscrolling positively charged ferritin protein in a biofluid environment.

Biomass-derived carbon composites for enrichment of dilute methane from underground coal mines.

Ventilation air methane (VAM), which is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions from coal mines, has been a great challenge to deal with due to its huge flow rates and dilute methane levels (typically 0.3-1.0 vol%) with almost 100% humidity.

Current opinions and recommendations of paediatric healthcare professionals - The importance of tablets: Emerging orally disintegrating versus traditional tablets.

The appropriate prescribing of paediatric dosage forms is paramount in providing the desired therapeutic effect alongside successful medication adherence with the paediatric population. Often it is the opinion of the healthcare practitioner that dictates which type of dosage form would be most appropriate for the paediatric patient, with liquids being both the most commonly available and most commonly used. Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) are an emerging dosage form which provide many benefits over traditional dosage forms for paediatric patients, such as rapid disintegration within the oral cavity, and the reduction in the risk of choking.

Dosage form preference consultation study in children and young adults: paving the way for patient-centred and patient-informed dosage form development.

Objectives: The current study aims to evaluate dosage form preferences in children and young adults together with identifying the key pragmatic dosage form characteristics that would enable appropriate formulation of orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs).

Methods: International, multisite, cross-sectional questionnaire of children and young adults aged from 6 to 18 years. Eligibility was based on age, ability to communicate and previous experience in taking medications.

Future enhanced clinical role of pharmacists in Emergency Departments in England: multi-site observational evaluation.

Background There are concerns about maintaining appropriate clinical staffing levels in Emergency Departments. Pharmacists may be one possible solution. Objective To determine if Emergency Department attendees could be clinically managed by pharmacists with or without advanced clinical practice training.

Paediatric Patient Safety and the Need for Aviation Black Box Thinking to Learn From and Prevent Medication Errors.

Since the publication of To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System in 1999, there has been much research conducted into the epidemiology, nature and causes of medication errors in children, from prescribing and supply to administration. It is reassuring to see growing evidence of improving medication safety in children; however, based on media reports, it can be seen that serious and fatal medication errors still occur. This critical opinion article examines the problem of medication errors in children and provides recommendations for research, training of healthcare professionals and a culture shift towards dealing with medication errors.

Simultaneous Administration Compared With a 24-Hour Mifepristone-Misoprostol Interval in Second-Trimester Abortion: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To compare outcomes with simultaneous administration of mifepristone and misoprostol with a regimen in which the drugs are administered at a 24-hour interval for second-trimester abortion.

Methods: In this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, participants were randomized to receive mifepristone either 24 hours before or at the same time as misoprostol. Participants were hospitalized to receive 400 micrograms buccal misoprostol at 3-hour intervals up to 48 hours or until uterine expulsion.

PATIENT/CARERS' RECOLLECTION OF MEDICINES RELATED INFORMATION FROM AN OUT-PATIENT CLINIC APPOINTMENT.

Aim: To identify what medicines related information children/young people or their parents/carers are able to recall following an out-patient clinic appointment.

Method: A convenience sample of patients' prescribed at least one new long-term (>6 weeks) medicine were recruited from a single UK paediatric hospital out-patient pharmacy.A face-to-face semi-structured questionnaire was administered to participants when they presented with their prescription.

MEDICATION REVIEW OF CHILDREN ON LONG TERM MEDICATIONS: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

Introduction: Children on long term medication may be under the care of more than one medical team including the patients GP. Children on chronic medication should be supported and their medications reviewed, especially in cases of polypharmacy. Medicines Use Reviews (MURs) were introduced into the pharmacy contract in 2005.

THE POTENTIAL FOR PHARMACISTS TO MANAGE CHILDREN ATTENDING EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS.

Aim: There have been concerns about maintaining appropriate clinical staff levels in Emergency Departments in England.1 The aim of this study was to determine if Emergency Department attendees aged from 0-16 years could be managed by community pharmacists or hospital independent prescriber pharmacists with or without further advanced clinical practice training.

Method: A prospective, 48 site, cross-sectional, observational study of patients attending Emergency Departments (ED) in England, UK was conducted.

Surface activation of CNT Webs towards layer by layer assembly of biosensors.

Several surface activation methods such as chemical, electrochemical and plasma have been used for enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbon based electrodes for various applications. However, some of these surface activation methods may not be useful depending on the chemical and physical properties of the activated surface. Herein we investigate the surface activation of carbon nanotube (CNT) webs by electrochemical and plasma techniques to enhance their electrochemical performance and enable the fabrication of a biosensor using the layer-by-layer (LBL) approach.

An evaluation of paediatric medicines reconciliation at hospital discharge into the community.

Objective: A UK national survey of primary care physicians has indicated that the medication information on hospital discharge summary was incomplete or inaccurate most of the time. Internationally, studies have shown that hospital pharmacist's interventions reduce these discrepancies in the adult population. There have been no published studies on the incidence and severity of the discrepancies of the medication prescribed for children specifically at discharge to date.